ArticlePloS one2011
Analysis of the expression, secretion and translocation of the Salmonella enterica type III secretion system effector SteA.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent progress in molecular mechanisms of Salmonella effectors involved in gut epithelium invasion.Molecular biology reports · 2025Pooled it
- Provision of preferred nutrients to macrophages promotes Salmonella intracellular replication without relying on Type III secretion systems.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Complex I preserves mitochondrial polarization during infection of human macrophages by secretion-competent bacteria.Infection and immunity · 2026Article
- Article
- Specificities and redundancies in the NEL family of bacterial E3 ubiquitin ligases ofFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Recruitment of heterologous substrates by bacterial secretion systems for transkingdom translocation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Recent Advancements in Tracking Bacterial Effector Protein Translocation.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- SAC1 regulates autophagosomal phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate for xenophagy-directed bacterial clearance.Cell reports · 2021Article
- Delivery of Heterologous Proteins, Enzymes, and Antigens via the Bacterial Type III Secretion System.Microorganisms · 2020Review
- Antagonistic Mechanism of Metabolites Produced byFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- TheLife science alliance · 2019Article
- The Role of the Type III Secretion System in the Intracellular Lifestyle of Enteric Pathogens.Microbiology spectrum · 2019Review
- A LivemSphere · 2019Article
- Article
- Live attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vaccines delivering SaEsxA and SaEsxB via type III secretion system confer protection against Staphylococcus aureus infection.BMC infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Linoleic Acids OverproducingFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Fecal microbiome of periparturient dairy cattle and associations with the onset of Salmonella shedding.PloS one · 2018Article
- Intracellular Salmonella induces aggrephagy of host endomembranes in persistent infections.Autophagy · 2016Article
- Host cell type-dependent translocation and PhoP-mediated positive regulation of the effector SseK1 of Salmonella enterica.Frontiers in microbiology · 2015Article
- The Salmonella effector SteA contributes to the control of membrane dynamics of Salmonella-containing vacuoles.Infection and immunity · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many Gram-negative pathogens possess virulence-related type III secretion systems. Salmonella enterica uses two of these systems, encoded on the pathogenicity islands SPI-1 and SPI-2, respectively, to translocate more than 30 effector proteins into eukaryotic host cells. SteA is one of the few effectors that can be translocated by both systems. We investigated the conditions affecting the synthesis of this effector, its secretion to culture media and its translocation into host cells. Whereas steA was expressed under a wide range of conditions, some factors, including low and high osmolarity, and presence of butyrate, decreased expression. SteA was efficiently secreted to the culture media under both SPI-1 and SPI-2 inducing conditions. The kinetics of translocation into murine macrophages and human epithelial cells was studied using fusions with the 3xFLAG tag, and fusions with CyaA from Bordetella pertussis. Translocation into macrophages under non-invasive conditions was mainly dependent on the SPI-2-encoded type III secretion system but some participation of the SPI-1 system was also detected 6 hours post-infection. Interestingly, both type III secretion systems had a relevant role in the translocation of SteA into epithelial cells. Finally, a deletion approach allowed the identification of the N-terminal signal necessary for translocation of this effector. The amino acid residues 1-10 were sufficient to direct translocation into host cells through both type III secretion systems. Our results provide new examples of functional overlapping between the two type III secretion systems of Salmonella.
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