ArticlePloS one2011
Exosomes from Plasmodium yoelii-infected reticulocytes protect mice from lethal infections.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 110 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
110 citing papers in PubMed, 196 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular Vesicles ofJournal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Unraveling the Potential ofPharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles as vaccine platforms: emerging opportunities for malaria.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- New therapeutic strategies for malaria.Biophysical reviews · 2025Review
- Host Immune Cell Membrane Deformability Governs the Uptake Route of Malaria-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.ACS nano · 2025Article
- Review
- The In Vitro Promoting Angiogenesis Roles of Exosomes Derived from the Protoscoleces ofJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Progress on the Regulation of the Host Immune Response by Parasite-Derived Exosomes.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicles and endothelial dysfunction in infectious diseases.Journal of extracellular biology · 2024Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in Malaria: Shedding Light on Pathogenic Depths.ACS infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Immunoregulation role of the erythroid cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- UnveilingFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Guidelines for the purification and characterization of extracellular vesicles of parasites.Journal of extracellular biology · 2023Article
- Host-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Blood and Tissue Human Protozoan Infections.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Comparative characterization of microRNA-71 of Echinococcus granulosus exosomes.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2023Article
- Protozoa-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Intercellular Communication with Special Emphasis onMicroorganisms · 2022Review
- Erythropoiesis and Malaria, a Multifaceted Interplay.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Early and Late StageJournal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Extracellular Vesicles fromPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
50 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Exosomes are 30-100-nm membrane vesicles of endocytic origin that are released after the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the plasma membrane. While initial studies suggested that the role of exosomes was limited to the removal of proteins during the maturation of reticulocytes to erythrocytes, recent studies indicate that they are produced by different types of cells and are involved in promoting inter-cellular communication and antigen presentation. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of exosomes from peripheral blood of BALB/c mice infected with the reticulocyte-prone non-lethal Plasmodium yoelii 17X strain. Importantly, proteomic analysis revealed the presence of parasite proteins in these vesicles. Moreover, immunization of mice with purified exosomes elicited IgG antibodies capable of recognizing P. yoelii-infected red blood cells. Furthermore, lethal challenge of immunized mice with the normocyte-prone lethal P. yoelii 17XL strain caused a significant attenuation in the course of parasitaemia, increased survival time, and altered the cell tropism to reticulocytes. These results were obtained also when the exosomes were isolated from a P. yoelii-infected reticulocyte culture indicating that reticulocyte-derived exosomes carry antigens and are involved in immune modulation. Moreover, inclusion of CpG ODN 1826 in exosome immunizations elicited IgG2a and IgG2b antibodies and promoted survival, clearance of parasites and subsequent sterile protection of 83% of the animals challenged with P. yoelli 17XL. To our knowledge, this is the first report of immune responses elicited by exosomes derived from reticulocytes opening new avenues for the modulation of anti-malaria responses.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.