ArticlePloS one2011
Absence of colony stimulation factor-1 receptor results in loss of microglia, disrupted brain development and olfactory deficits.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 374 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
374 citing papers in PubMed, 664 citations in OpenAlex.
- Microglial Labeling in Mouse Spinal Cord Injury: A Review of Timing, Efficacy, and Specificity.Glia · 2026Review
- Spatial transcriptomics revealed the regulatory role of CCN1 to microglia distribution through region-specific cellular interactions.Genes & diseases · 2026Article
- Microglial GRB2 is essential for brain ventriculogenesis and cerebrospinal fluid homeostasis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a long-term co-maturation protocol for human stem cell-derived microglia and neuronal networks.Stem cell reports · 2026Article
- Repopulating microglia recapitulate developmental characteristics during a period of auditory circuit recovery.Hearing research · 2026Article
- CSF1R+ macrophage and osteoclast depletion impairs neural crest proliferation and craniofacial morphogenesis.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Astrocytes in Multiple Sclerosis: Getting to the Core.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- CSF1R+ Macrophages and Osteoclasts Are Essential for Limb Bone Development During Embryogenesis.Journal of developmental biology · 2026Article
- CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy: experimental models and potential for treatment.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Review
- Prenatal stress alters offspring neurovascular, autonomic, and immune development in animal models of neuropsychiatric and cardiometabolic disorders.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Depletion and replacement of tissue-resident macrophages in mice with germ-line deletion of a conserved enhancer in the Csf1r locus.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Brain-engrafted monocyte-derived macrophages from blood and skull-bone marrow exhibit distinct properties.Neuron · 2026Article
- Microglia Rank signaling regulates GnRH neuronal function and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Macrophage regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and gonadal axis homeostasis and hormonal output.Biomedical journal · 2026Review
- Integrated Multi-Omics Profiling Identifies CD84-Associated Microglial Alterations in Focal Cortical Dysplasia Type II.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- HMC3 revealed: how much do these "Microglia" really tell us?Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Investigation of Genetic Aetiology in Intellectual Developmental Disorder with Trio-Whole Exome Sequencing Approach.Noro psikiyatri arsivi · 2026Article
- CSF1R and IL1R1 inhibitors synergistically attenuate the early pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury in mice.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Article
- Microglia-derived metabolites as novel signaling molecules: regulating neural circuit function, behavior, and their role in psychiatric disorders.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Microglia across evolution: from conserved origins to functional divergence.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2025Review
314 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The brain contains numerous mononuclear phagocytes called microglia. These cells express the transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor for the macrophage growth factor colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1R). Using a CSF-1R-GFP reporter mouse strain combined with lineage defining antibody staining we show in the postnatal mouse brain that CSF-1R is expressed only in microglia and not neurons, astrocytes or glial cells. To study CSF-1R function we used mice homozygous for a null mutation in the Csflr gene. In these mice microglia are >99% depleted at embryonic day 16 and day 1 post-partum brain. At three weeks of age this microglial depletion continues in most regions of the brain although some contain clusters of rounded microglia. Despite the loss of microglia, embryonic brain development appears normal but during the post-natal period the brain architecture becomes perturbed with enlarged ventricles and regionally compressed parenchyma, phenotypes most prominent in the olfactory bulb and cortex. In the cortex there is increased neuronal density, elevated numbers of astrocytes but reduced numbers of oligodendrocytes. Csf1r nulls rarely survive to adulthood and therefore to study the role of CSF-1R in olfaction we used the viable null mutants in the Csf1 (Csf1(op)) gene that encodes one of the two known CSF-1R ligands. Food-finding experiments indicate that olfactory capacity is significantly impaired in the absence of CSF-1. CSF-1R is therefore required for the development of microglia, for a fully functional olfactory system and the maintenance of normal brain structure.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.