ArticleAIDS (London, England)2012
Proximate context of gender-unequal norms and women's HIV risk in sub-Saharan Africa.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risky Sexual Behavior across Extremes of Wealth in sub-Saharan Africa: A Meta-Analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys.Ethiopian journal of health sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Intimate Partner Violence and Depression Symptom Severity among South African Women during Pregnancy and Postpartum: Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study.PLoS medicine · 2016Trial
- Age-disparate and intergenerational sex partnerships and HIV: the role of gender norms among adolescent girls and young women in Malawi.BMC public health · 2024Article
- An Open Letter on Advancing HIV prevention: Augmenting an ecosystem-based approach to understand prevention decision-making.Gates open research · 2024Article
- Measuring social norms of intimate partner violence to exert control over wife agency, sexuality, and reproductive autonomy: an item response modelling of the IPV-ASRA scale.Reproductive health · 2023Article
- Emotional Violence is Associated with Increased HIV Risk Behavior Among South African Adolescent Girls and Young Women in the HPTN 068 Cohort.AIDS and behavior · 2022Article
- Tuition-free secondary education and women's attitudes toward intimate partner violence: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa.SSM - population health · 2022Article
- Demographic and psychosocial risk factors for adolescent pregnancies among sexually active girls in the slums of Kampala, Uganda.African health sciences · 2022Article
- Normative vs personal attitudes toward persons with HIV, and the mediating role of perceived HIV stigma in rural Uganda.Journal of global health · 2021Article
- Does Women's Autonomy Matter on Attitude Towards Condom Use in Reducing Risk for HIV Infection Among Married Women in Ethiopia?HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Article
- The gendered experience of HIV testing: factors associated with prior testing differ among men and women in rural Tanzania.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2019Article
- Friendships Among Young South African Women, Sexual Behaviours and Connections to Sexual Partners (HPTN 068).AIDS and behavior · 2019Article
- HIV Risk Among Displaced Adolescent Girls in Ethiopia: the Role of Gender Attitudes and Self-Esteem.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2019Article
- Measuring personal beliefs and perceived norms about intimate partner violence: Population-based survey experiment in rural Uganda.PLoS medicine · 2017Article
- Co-occurring epidemics, syndemics, and population health.Lancet (London, England) · 2017Review
- Personal contact with HIV-positive persons is associated with reduced HIV-related stigma: cross-sectional analysis of general population surveys from 26 countries in sub-Saharan Africa.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2017Article
- Proximate Context of HIV-Related Stigma and Women's Use of Skilled Childbirth Services in Uganda.AIDS and behavior · 2017Article
- What explains gender inequalities in HIV/AIDS prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa? Evidence from the demographic and health surveys.BMC public health · 2016Article
- Prospective Study of the Mental Health Consequences of Sexual Violence Among Women Living With HIV in Rural Uganda.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2016Article
- Syndemics and Health Disparities: A Methodological Note.AIDS and behavior · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine whether the proximate context of gender-unequal norms about violence against women undermines women's ability to negotiate condom use in sexual relationships.
designSecondary analysis of cross-sectional data pooled from 22 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in sub-Saharan Africa.
methodsEach of the 22 surveys employed a multistage stratified design with probabilistic sampling and was designed to be nationally representative of reproductive-age women. The outcome was self-reported condom use at last sexual intercourse. The primary explanatory variable of interest was a scale consisting of five questions about whether the respondent agreed with the appropriateness of wife beating under five different scenarios. To measure the proximate context of norms about violence against women, this scale was aggregated to the level of the primary sampling unit. We fit logistic regression models with cluster-correlated robust standard errors and adjustment for country-level fixed effects and sociodemographic characteristics.
resultsOur analysis sample included data from 198,806 sexually active women living in 22 sub-Saharan African countries. The wife-beating scale was internally consistent (Cronbach's α = 0.84), and factor analysis confirmed the presence of a single factor. Condom use was associated with gender-unequal contextual norms about violence against women (adjusted odds ratio = 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.85-0.92; P < 0.001). The estimated association was robust to adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and several sensitivity analyses.
conclusionsThe proximate context of gender-unequal norms about violence against women is associated with lack of condom use among women in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.