ArticleImmunology2012
A comparison of immunogenicity of norovirus GII-4 virus-like particles and P-particles.
Article in Immunology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current Perspectives and Future Directions in the Immunogenicity Landscape of Norovirus Vaccines.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Generation of Recombinant Rotaviruses Expressing Human Norovirus Capsid Proteins.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Epidemiology and evolution of Norovirus in China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Review
- Fusion Protein of Rotavirus VP6 and SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Induces T Cell Responses.Vaccines · 2021Article
- Modular vaccine platform based on the norovirus-like particle.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2021Article
- Linear B-Cell Epitopes in Human Norovirus GII.4 Capsid Protein Elicit Blockade Antibodies.Vaccines · 2021Article
- Evolutionary Mechanism of Immunological Cross-Reactivity Between Different GII.17 Variants.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Immunogenicity and protective potency of Norovirus GII.17 virus-like particle-based vaccine.Biotechnology letters · 2020Article
- A Survey of Analytical Techniques for Noroviruses.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Quantitation of norovirus-specific IgG before and after infection in immunocompromised patients.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2020Article
- Rotavirus VP6 Adjuvant Effect on Norovirus GII.4 Virus-Like Particle Uptake and Presentation by Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells In Vitro and In Vivo.Journal of immunology research · 2020Article
- Enteropathogen antibody dynamics and force of infection among children in low-resource settings.eLife · 2019Article
- Rotavirus VP6 as an Adjuvant for Bivalent Norovirus Vaccine Produced inPharmaceutics · 2019Article
- Review
- Active immunization with norovirus P particle-based amyloid-β chimeric protein vaccine induces high titers of anti-Aβ antibodies in mice.BMC immunology · 2019Article
- Immunological Cross-Reactivity of an Ancestral and the Most Recent Pandemic Norovirus GII.4 Variant.Viruses · 2019Article
- Parenterally Administered Norovirus GII.4 Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Formulated with Aluminum Hydroxide or Monophosphoryl Lipid A Adjuvants Induces Systemic but Not Mucosal Immune Responses in Mice.Journal of immunology research · 2018Article
- Rotavirus capsid VP6 tubular and spherical nanostructures act as local adjuvants when co-delivered with norovirus VLPs.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2017Article
- A Bacterial Surface Display System Expressing Cleavable Capsid Proteins of Human Norovirus: A Novel System to Discover Candidate Receptors.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Bacterial Surface-Displayed GII.4 Human Norovirus Capsid Proteins Bound to HBGA-Like Molecules in Romaine Lettuce.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) -derived virus-like particles (VLPs) resemble empty shells of the virus and NoV P-particles contain only protruding domains of the NoV capsid. Both NoV-derived subviral particles show similar functionality and antigenicity in vitro and are considered to be potential vaccine candidates against NoV gastroenteritis. BALB/c mice were immunized with baculovirus-produced GII-4 VLPs or the corresponding Escherichia coli-produced P-particles by the intramuscular or intradermal route and the NoV-specific antibody and T-cell immune responses were compared. Elevated antibody levels were induced with a single VLP immunization, whereas P-particle immunization required a boost. High avidity antibodies were raised only by VLP immunization. VLP immunization resulted in a balanced T helper type 1/type 2 immune response whereas P-particles induced a T helper type 2-biased response. Only VLP immunization primed T cells for interferon-γ production. Most importantly, cross-reactive B and T cells were induced solely by VLP immunization. In addition, VLP antiserum blocked the binding of heterotypic VLPs to human histo-blood group antigen receptor and saliva. The findings in this study are relevant for the development of NoV vaccines.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.