Trial reportBreast cancer research and treatment2012
Breast tenderness and breast cancer risk in the estrogen plus progestin and estrogen-alone women's health initiative clinical trials.
Trial report in Breast cancer research and treatment, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationship between menopausal hormone therapy and incidence risk of breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review and Bayesian analysis of the adverse effects of dienogest.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2024Pooled it
- Breast effects of oral, combined 17β-estradiol, and progesterone capsules in menopausal women: a randomized controlled trial.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Trial
- Mammographic Density Change With Estrogen and Progestin Therapy and Breast Cancer Risk.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2017Trial
- Effects of different hormone therapies on breast pain in recently postmenopausal women: findings from the Mayo Clinic KEEPS breast pain ancillary study.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2014Trial
- The Role of Estrogen across Multiple Disease Mechanisms.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Exploring the Feasibility of Estrogen Replacement Therapy as a Treatment for Perimenopausal Depression: A Comprehensive Literature Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Exosome-sheathed ROS-responsive nanogel to improve targeted therapy in perimenopausal depression.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Article
- The Impact of Homocysteine on the Risk of Hormone-Related Cancers: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Article
- Tissue-Selective Estrogen Complex and Breast.Journal of menopausal medicine · 2020Review
- The Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS): what have we learned?Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2019Review
- Patient considerations in the management of menopausal symptoms: role of conjugated estrogens with bazedoxifene.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2016Review
- Breast-related effects of selective estrogen receptor modulators and tissue-selective estrogen complexes.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2014Review
- Effects of bazedoxifene, conjugated equine estrogens, and a tissue-selective estrogen complex containing both bazedoxifene and conjugated equine estrogens on cerebral artery atherosclerosis in postmenopausal monkeys.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2014Article
- The discovery and development of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for clinical practice.Current clinical pharmacology · 2013Review
- Postmenopausal hormone therapy: risks and benefits.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2013Review
- Management of osteoporosis and menopausal symptoms: focus on bazedoxifene/conjugated estrogen combination.International journal of women's health · 2013Article
- The tissue selective estrogen complex: a promising new menopausal therapy.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2012Article
- Hormone replacement therapy and risk for neurodegenerative diseases.International journal of Alzheimer's disease · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The associations between breast tenderness during use of conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) therapy with or without medroxyprogesterone (MPA) therapy and subsequent breast cancer risk are unknown. We analyzed data from the Women's Health Initiative Estrogen plus Progestin (N = 16,608, 5.6 years intervention) and estrogen-alone (N = 10,739, 6.8 years intervention) clinical trials until trial close-out (Spring 2005). At baseline and annually, participants underwent mammography and clinical breast exam. Self-reported breast tenderness was assessed at baseline and 12 months. Invasive breast cancer was confirmed by medical record review. The risk of new-onset breast tenderness after 12 months was significantly higher among women assigned to active therapy than placebo (CEE-alone vs. placebo risk ratio [RR] 2.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.97-2.35; CEE + MPA vs. placebo RR 3.07, 95% CI 2.85-3.30). CEE + MPA doubled the risk of invasive breast cancer among women with baseline breast tenderness (hazard ratio [HR] 2.16, 95% CI 1.29-3.74), but had a smaller effect among women without baseline breast tenderness (HR 1.17; 95% CI 0.97-1.41). New-onset breast tenderness was associated with a higher risk of breast cancer among women assigned to CEE + MPA (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.02-1.72, P = 0.03), but not among women assigned to CEE-alone (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.62-1.53). New-onset breast tenderness during use of CEE + MPA was associated with increased subsequent breast cancer risk. The association of CEE + MPA therapy with increased breast cancer risk was especially pronounced among women with baseline breast tenderness.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.