ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2012
Pregnancies exposed to methadone, methadone and other illicit substances, and poly-drugs without methadone: a comparison of fetal neurobehaviors and infant outcomes.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Fetal Neurobehavior in Non-methadone Maintained Women in Substance Abuse Treatment
Methadone, Buprenorphine and Fetal Neurobehavior
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of prenatal opioids on cardiac and autonomic development: systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Pooled it
- Animal Models of Prenatal Opioid Exposure: Insights into Impaired Neurodevelopment.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Anxiety, Depression, and Emotional Dysregulation Following Prenatal Substance Exposure.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Maternal substance use disorder and neonatal health: epidemiologic and socioeconomic determinants in a case-control study, Shiraz, Iran.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Effects of prenatal opioid exposure on infant sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activity.Psychophysiology · 2024Article
- The Finnegan Score for Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Revisited With Routine Electronic Data: Retrospective Study.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2024Article
- Article
- The Influence of Mediators on the Relationship Between Antenatal Opioid Agonist Exposure and the Severity of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome.Maternal and child health journal · 2023Article
- Association of medication-assisted treatment and short acting opioids with newborn head circumference and birth weight.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2023Article
- Opioid, methamphetamine, and polysubstance use: perinatal outcomes for the mother and infant.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2023Review
- Rates of substance and polysubstance use through universal maternal testing at the time of delivery.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2022Article
- Article
- The physical and developmental outcomes of children whose mothers are substance abusers: Analysis of associated factors and the impact of early intervention.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Children born to women in opioid maintenance treatment: A longitudinal study of child behavioral problems and parenting stress.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Trajectories of Prescription Opioid Utilization During Pregnancy Among Prepregnancy Chronic Users and Risk of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome.American journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Improving translational relevance: The need for combined exposure models for studying prenatal adversity.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2021Article
- Predictors of pharmacologic therapy for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome: a retrospective analysis of a statewide database.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2021Article
- Use of Phenobarbital to Treat Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome From Exposure to Single vs. Multiple Substances.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
- Inclusion of Positive Self-reporting by Mothers of Substance Exposed Neonates Increases the Predictability of NAS Severity Over Toxicology Alone.Maternal and child health journal · 2020Article
- Prenatal opioid exposure: The next neonatal neuroinflammatory disease.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIt is suspected that there is a continuum of impairment among prenatally drug-exposed infants, such that opioid and/or poly-drug exposure confers the highest risk for adverse neonatal outcomes than other classes of substances or single substance exposures. Suitable control groups are difficult to identify. This study compared fetal neurobehavioral development and infant outcomes in offspring of three groups of pregnant women in drug treatment. Exposure groups include: Methadone+other illicit substances (MM+Poly) and two groups currently abstinent for poly drug exposures: Methadone only (MM/A) and Non-Methadone (NM/A).
methodsForty-nine women (19 MM+Poly, 18 MM/A, and 12 NM/A) underwent fetal monitoring at 36 weeks gestation at peak and trough levels of methadone (MM+Poly; MM/A) or at comparable morning and afternoon times (NM/A). Fetal heart rate (FHR), heart rate variability (FHRV) and motor activity (FM) data were collected. Infant measures included birth outcomes and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) assessment.
resultsAs compared to the NM/A group, cardiac measures were decreased in methadone-exposed fetuses at peak levels. FHR was significantly more suppressed in the MM+Poly group. FM was significantly lower in the MM/A vs. the NM/A group at both peak and trough, indicative of more persistent exposure effects. The MM+Poly group delivered 1 week earlier and required NAS pharmacological treatment twice as often as the MM/A group.
conclusionsResults support the notion that poly-drug exposure may potentiate the effects of methadone on the fetus and infant and highlights the need for intensified treatment for methadone-maintained women who abuse other substances.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.