ArticlePLoS medicine2011
Mendelian randomization study of B-type natriuretic peptide and type 2 diabetes: evidence of causal association from population studies.
Article in PLoS medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of sacubitril/valsartan and ACEI/ARB on glycaemia and the development of diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMC medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Differences in natriuretic peptide response in self-identified white and black individuals: a physiological clinical trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- Genetic association analysis of the cardiovascular biomarker: N-terminal fragment of pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP).PloS one · 2021Trial
- Race, Natriuretic Peptides, and High-Carbohydrate Challenge: A Clinical Trial.Circulation research · 2019Trial
- Randomized Trial of the Effects of Insulin and Metformin on Myocardial Injury and Stress in Diabetes Mellitus: A Post Hoc Exploratory Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2017Trial
- Genome-wide association analysis of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide in blacks: the Jackson Heart Study.Circulation. Cardiovascular genetics · 2015Trial
- Association between circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D and incident type 2 diabetes: a mendelian randomisation study.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2015Trial
- Dual angiotensin receptor and neprilysin inhibition as an alternative to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in patients with chronic systolic heart failure: rationale for and design of the Prospective comparison of ARNI with ACEI to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and morbidity in Heart Failure trial (PARADIGM-HF).European journal of heart failure · 2013Trial
- Association Analyses Between theGenes · 2026Article
- Factors associated with NT-proBNP concentration in US children and adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004.American heart journal · 2025Article
- Lower NT-proBNP plasma concentrations in Pacific peoples with heart failure.ESC heart failure · 2025Article
- Prognostic value of NT-proANP levels on major cardiovascular outcomes in a 31-year follow-up study depends on baseline morbidity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Genetic Polymorphisms ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The Role of Natriuretic Peptides in the Management of Heart Failure with a Focus on the Patient with Diabetes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Loss of atrial natriuretic peptide signaling causes insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, and low endurance capacity.Science advances · 2024Article
- N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels vary by ethnicity and are associated with insulin sensitivity after gestational diabetes mellitus.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Article
- Causal associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and type 2 diabetes.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in US Adults With and Without Diabetes.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2023Article
- Diabetes mellitus status modifies the association between N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide and all-cause mortality risk in ischemic heart failure: a prospective cohort study.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2023Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGenetic and epidemiological evidence suggests an inverse association between B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels in blood and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the prospective association of BNP with T2D is uncertain, and it is unclear whether the association is confounded. METHODS AND
findingsWe analysed the association between levels of the N-terminal fragment of pro-BNP (NT-pro-BNP) in blood and risk of incident T2D in a prospective case-cohort study and genotyped the variant rs198389 within the BNP locus in three T2D case-control studies. We combined our results with existing data in a meta-analysis of 11 case-control studies. Using a Mendelian randomization approach, we compared the observed association between rs198389 and T2D to that expected from the NT-pro-BNP level to T2D association and the NT-pro-BNP difference per C allele of rs198389. In participants of our case-cohort study who were free of T2D and cardiovascular disease at baseline, we observed a 21% (95% CI 3%-36%) decreased risk of incident T2D per one standard deviation (SD) higher log-transformed NT-pro-BNP levels in analysis adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, smoking, family history of T2D, history of hypertension, and levels of triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The association between rs198389 and T2D observed in case-control studies (odds ratio = 0.94 per C allele, 95% CI 0.91-0.97) was similar to that expected (0.96, 0.93-0.98) based on the pooled estimate for the log-NT-pro-BNP level to T2D association derived from a meta-analysis of our study and published data (hazard ratio = 0.82 per SD, 0.74-0.90) and the difference in NT-pro-BNP levels (0.22 SD, 0.15-0.29) per C allele of rs198389. No significant associations were observed between the rs198389 genotype and potential confounders.
conclusionsOur results provide evidence for a potential causal role of the BNP system in the aetiology of T2D. Further studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms underlying this association and possibilities for preventive interventions. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.