ArticleInfection and immunity2012
Association and evidence for linked recognition of type IV secretion system proteins VirB9-1, VirB9-2, and VirB10 in Anaplasma marginale.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Haematology, serum biochemistry, innate and adaptive immune system responses to blood pathogen infections in cattle: A review.Parasitology research · 2026Review
- Associations between HLA-II variation and antibody specificity are predicted by antigen properties.Genome medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Bovine Anaplasmosis: Will there ever be an almighty effective vaccine?Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Review
- Mucosal Vaccination withVaccines · 2020Article
- VirB10 vaccination for protection against Anaplasma phagocytophilum.BMC microbiology · 2018Article
- Recombinant BCG Vaccines Reduce Pneumovirus-Caused Airway Pathology by Inducing Protective Humoral Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- New Insights Contributing to the Development of Effective Vaccines and Therapies to Reduce the Pathology Caused by hRSV.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
- Nanoparticle-Based Delivery of Anaplasma marginale Membrane Proteins; VirB9-1 and VirB10 Produced in the Pichia pastoris Expression System.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Article
- Immunogenicity of Outer Membrane Proteins VirB9-1 and VirB9-2, a Novel Nanovaccine against Anaplasma marginale.PloS one · 2016Article
- Secretome of obligate intracellular Rickettsia.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2015Review
- Proteomic profiling of the outer membrane fraction of the obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen Ehrlichia ruminantium.PloS one · 2015Article
- Global transcriptional analysis reveals surface remodeling of Anaplasma marginale in the tick vector.Parasites & vectors · 2014Article
- Immunogenicity of hypothetical highly conserved proteins as novel antigens in Anaplasma marginale.Current microbiology · 2014Article
- Linkage between Anaplasma marginale outer membrane proteins enhances immunogenicity but is not required for protection from challenge.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2013Article
- Structure of the type IV secretion system in different strains of Anaplasma phagocytophilum.BMC genomics · 2012Article
- Breadth of the CD4+ T cell response to Anaplasma marginale VirB9-1, VirB9-2 and VirB10 and MHC class II DR and DQ restriction elements.Immunogenetics · 2012Article
- Adaptive immunity to Anaplasma pathogens and immune dysregulation: implications for bacterial persistence.Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases · 2012Review
- CD4 T cell antigens from Staphylococcus aureus Newman strain identified following immunization with heat-killed bacteria.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Like several other bacterial pathogens, Anaplasma marginale has an outer membrane that induces complete protection from infection and disease. However, the proteins that confer protective immunity and whether protection requires interacting proteins and/or linked T-cell and immunoglobulin G epitopes are not known. Our goal is to target the conserved type IV secretion system (T4SS) to identify conserved, immunogenic membrane proteins that are interacting and linked recognition candidates. Linked recognition is a process by which a B cell is optimally activated by a helper T cell that responds to the same, or physically associated, antigen. A. marginale T4SS proteins VirB2, VirB4-1, VirB4-2, VirB6-1, VirB7, VirB8-2, VirB9-1, VirB9-2, VirB10, VirB11, and VirD4 were screened for their ability to induce IgG and to stimulate CD4+ T cells from outer membrane-vaccinated cattle. VirB9-1, VirB9-2, and VirB10 induced the strongest IgG and T-cell responses in the majority of cattle, although three animals with major histocompatibility complex class II DRB3 restriction fragment length polymorphism types 8/23, 3/16, and 16/27 lacked T-cell responses to VirB9-1, VirB9-1 and VirB9-2, or VirB9-2 and VirB10, respectively. For these animals, VirB9-1-, VirB9-2-, and VirB10-specific IgG production may be associated with T-cell help provided by responses to an interacting protein partner(s). Interacting protein partners indicated by far-Western blotting were confirmed by immunoprecipitation assays and revealed, for the first time, specific interactions of VirB9-1 with VirB9-2 and VirB10. The immunogenicity and interactions of VirB9-1, VirB9-2, and VirB10 justify their testing as a linked protein vaccine against A. marginale.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.