ReviewImmunologic research2011
Impaired clearance of apoptotic cells in germinal centers: implications for loss of B cell tolerance and induction of autoimmunity.
Review in Immunologic research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- From Cytokines to Biomarkers: Mapping the Immunopathology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Cells · 2025Review
- Functional specialization of short-lived and long-lived macrophage subsets in human tonsils.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Apoptotic cell fragments locally activate tingible body macrophages in the germinal center.Cell · 2023Article
- Understanding and measuring human B-cell tolerance and its breakdown in autoimmune disease.Immunological reviews · 2019Review
- Selenium supplementation suppresses immunological and serological features of lupus in B6.Sle1b mice.Autoimmunity · 2019Article
- The interplay between local immune response and Epstein-Barr virus-infected tonsillar cells could lead to viral infection control.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2018Article
- Modulation of subsets of cardiac B lymphocytes improves cardiac function after acute injury.JCI insight · 2018Article
- The interplay of type I and type II interferons in murine autoimmune cholangitis as a basis for sex-biased autoimmunity.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2018Article
- Spontaneous germinal centers and autoimmunity.Autoimmunity · 2017Review
- The Peyer's Patch Mononuclear Phagocyte System at Steady State and during Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Spoiling for a Fight: B Lymphocytes As Initiator and Effector Populations within Tertiary Lymphoid Organs in Autoimmunity and Transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- IFN-γ receptor and STAT1 signaling in B cells are central to spontaneous germinal center formation and autoimmunity.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2016Article
- Defects in Germinal Center Selection in SLE.Frontiers in immunology · 2015Review
- Microparticles That Form Immune Complexes as Modulatory Structures in Autoimmune Responses.Mediators of inflammation · 2015Review
- Article
- Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in pulmonary hypertension produces pathologic autoantibodies.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2013Article
- Follicular dendritic cells in health and disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) comprise lymphoid microenvironments where antigen-stimulated B cells undergo rapid proliferation and somatic hypermutation (SHM), resulting in the generation of B cells with high affinity for antigen. However, this process also generates B cell clones with low antigen affinity and with the potential for autoreactivity. It has been suggested that GC B cells with low antigen affinity and autoreactivity are eliminated via apoptosis and are rapidly cleared by tingible body macrophages (TBMφs). Inefficient clearance of apoptotic cells (ACs) results in autoimmunity that is thought to be mediated by various intracellular molecules possessing danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), including nuclear self-Ags. DAMPs can be released from ACs undergoing "secondary necrosis" due to a disruption in AC clearance within GCs. This review discusses the role and mechanisms associated with impaired clearance of ACs in GCs in loss of B cell tolerance leading to autoantibody production and the development of autoimmunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.