Trial reportDigestive diseases and sciences2012
Glutamine and whey protein improve intestinal permeability and morphology in patients with Crohn's disease: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05482997 (Athlete Whey Protein Sensitivity), which is not on this map. Cited by 49 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Athlete Whey Protein Sensitivity: Prevalence and Performance
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Study Design Complexity and Participant Completion in Dietary Trials for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Metaresearch Study.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials on the effects of glutamine supplementation on gut permeability in adults.Amino acids · 2024Pooled it
- A case for improved assessment of gut permeability: a meta-analysis quantifying the lactulose:mannitol ratio in coeliac and Crohn's disease.BMC gastroenterology · 2022Pooled it
- Glutamine for induction of remission in Crohn's disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Trial
- Enteral delivery of proteins enhances the expression of proteins involved in the cytoskeleton and protein biosynthesis in human duodenal mucosa.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2015Trial
- Review
- Whey Proteins and Immunity: Mechanisms Underlying Immune System Reinforcement and Protection Against Viral and Bacterial Infections.Nutrients · 2026Review
- The effects of high-protein vs conventional protein enteral nutrition on intestinal permeability, severity of disease, and mortality in critically ill intensive care unit Patients: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2026Article
- Diet and Gut Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Clinical and Nutritional Perspective.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Development of a 3D Human Colon Model Along with Bioelectronics for the Induction and Monitoring of Diseases.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Macronutrients as Regulators of Intestinal Epithelial Permeability: Where Do We Stand?Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2025Review
- Oral low dose of glutamine improved the spontaneous closure in patients with external duodenal fistula: a retrospective comparative study with propensity score matching.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Inflammatory bowel diseases and the low-FODMAP diet: benefits and challenges in therapy.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- The Versatile Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Immune-Mediated Intestinal Diseases.Cells · 2024Review
- Elemental Diet as a Therapeutic Modality: A Comprehensive Review.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2024Review
- Leaky Gut Syndrome: Myths and Management.Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2024Article
- The Effect of Protein Nutritional Support on Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Its Potential Mechanisms.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Glutamine suppresses senescence and promotes autophagy through glycolysis inhibition-mediated AMPKα lactylation in intervertebral disc degeneration.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Overview of the compromised mucosal integrity in celiac disease.Journal of molecular histology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIncreased intestinal permeability (IP) has been implicated in the etiopathogenesis, disease activity and relapse of Crohn's disease (CD). Glutamine, the major fuel for the enterocytes, may improve IP.
aimWe evaluated the effect of oral glutamine on IP and intestinal morphology in patients with CD.
methodsIn a randomized controlled trial, consecutive patients with CD in remission phase with an abnormal IP were randomized to a glutamine group (GG) or active control group (ACG) and were given oral glutamine or whey protein, respectively, as 0.5 g/kg ideal body weight/day for 2 months. IP was assessed by the lactulose mannitol excretion ratio (LMR) in urine, and morphometry was performed by computerized image analysis system.
resultsPatients (age 34.5 ± 10.5 years; 20 males) were assigned to the GG (n = 15) or ACG (n = 15). Fourteen patients in each group completed the trial. The LMR [median (range)] in GG and ACG at 2 months was 0.029 (0.006-0.090) and 0.033 (0.009-0.077), respectively, with P = 0.6133. IP normalized in 8 (57.1%) patients in each group (P = 1.000). The villous crypt ratio (VCR) [mean (SD)] in GG and ACG at 2 months was 2.68 (1.02) and 2.49 (0.67), respectively, (P = 0.347). At the end of 2 months LMR improved significantly in GG from 0.071 (0.041-0.254) to 0.029 (0.006-0.090) (P = 0.0012) and in ACG from 0.067 (0.040-0.136) to 0.033 (0.009-0.077) (P = 0.0063). VCR improved in the GG from 2.33 (0.77) to 2.68 (1.02) (P = 0.001), and in ACG from 2.26 (0.57) to 2.49 (0.67) (P = 0.009).
conclusionsIntestinal permeability and morphology improved significantly in both glutamine and ACG.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.