ReviewPediatric surgery international2011
The role of cremaster muscle in testicular descent in humans and animal models.
Review in Pediatric surgery international, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evolutionary relaxation and functional change of INSL3 and RXFP2 may underlie natural cryptorchidism in mammals.EMBO reports · 2025Article
- Genome-wide transcriptome analysis reveals differentially expressed genes and key signalling pathways associated with cryptorchidism in pigs.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Histopathological evaluation of infertility: Lessons from laboratory rodents.Histology and histopathology · 2024Review
- Loss of WNT4 in the gubernaculum causes unilateral cryptorchidism and fertility defects.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2022Article
- Scrotal Reconstruction Using a Free Ulnar Forearm Flap: A Case Report.Journal of plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2022Article
- An extremely rare case of indirect hernia type co-existing with testicular ectopia.The Pan African medical journal · 2020Article
- Isolation and characterization of myogenic precursor cells from human cremaster muscle.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Anatomy and histology of the scrotal ligament in adults: inconsistency and variability of the gubernaculum testis.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2018Article
- Fetal Rat Gubernaculum Mesenchymal Cells Adopt Myogenic and Myofibroblast-Like Phenotypes.The Journal of urology · 2016Article
- Expression of anti-Mullerian hormone receptor on the appendix testis in connection with urological disorders.Asian journal of andrology · 2013Article
- Reduced expression of androgen receptor and myosin heavy chain mRNA in cremaster muscle of boys with nonsyndromic cryptorchidism.The Journal of urology · 2012Article
- Role of Gubernaculum testis inervation during the process of testicular migration in human fetuses.International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of UrologyReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Testicular descent is a complex developmental process involving anatomical and hormonal regulation. The gubernaculum undergoes a "swelling reaction" during the transabdominal phase and is mainly under the control of Insulin-Like Peptide 3 (INSL-3) and Mullerian Inhibitory Substance/Anti-Mullerian Hormone (MIS/AMH). The second phase of testicular descent is regulated by androgens and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release from the sensory nucleus of the genitofemoral nerve (GFN). In rodents, the active proliferation of the gubernacular tip and cremaster muscle, its rhythmic contraction, as well as the chemotactic gradient provided by the CGRP result in eventual migration of the testis into the scrotum. This review illustrates the structural aspects and hormonal control of cremaster muscle development to better understand the mechanism of testicular descent in normal rodents and humans, compared to diseased rodent models. The analysis showed the cremaster muscle is formed from mesenchymal differentiation of the gubernacular tip and is not a direct passive extension of internal oblique muscle. Cremaster muscle matures slower than other body muscles, and the persistence of immature myogenic proteins seen in cardiac muscle allows rhythmic contraction to guide the testis into the scrotum. Finally, remodelling of the cremaster muscle enables gubernacular eversion. Further understanding of the molecular regulators governing the structural and hormonal changes in the cremaster muscle may lead to new advances in the treatment of undescended testes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.