ArticleGenome research2011
Chromosome and gene copy number variation allow major structural change between species and strains of Leishmania.
Article in Genome research, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 268 papers.
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Who cites it
268 citing papers in PubMed, 454 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Leishmania major virulence attenuation in vitro: An old conundrum revisited in the omics era.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- The atypical dual-specificity protein phosphatase (DUSP)/kinatase of Leishmania infantum modulates infectivity, oxidative stress response and antimonial resistance.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Genome Sequence Data Reveal Complex and Variable Ploidy in the Amoebozoan Acanthamoeba castellanii.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Whole-Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomic Analysis ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- The complete genome of Trypanosoma cruzi reveals 32 chromosomes and three genomic compartments.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Pathogenic Significance of Trypanosomatids: Progress in Drug Resistance, Control Strategies, and Artificial Intelligence.Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Whole genome sequencing reveals genomic diversity and evidence of hybridization in MoroccanFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Precision Without Selection: A Marker-Free CRISPR/Cas9-Based Protocol for Multiplexed Genome Editing in Trypanosomatids.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Insights on genomic profiles of drug resistance and virulence in a cohort of Leishmania infantum isolates from the Mediterranean area.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- ATR, a DNA damage kinase, modulates DNA replication timing in Leishmania major.PLoS genetics · 2025Article
- Unraveling the Genome Diversity ofLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Improved assembly of theMicrobiology resource announcements · 2025Article
- Evolutionary analysis of the Leishmania major orthologues for the newly identified cyclic AMP response proteins.Archives of microbiology · 2025Article
- Comparative and systems analyses of Leishmania spp. non-coding RNAs through developmental stages.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Upregulation of antioxidant genes in antimony-resistant Leishmania tropica clinical isolates.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Exploring the genomic landscape of the GP63 family in Trypanosoma cruzi: Evolutionary dynamics and functional peculiarities.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- R-loops acted on by RNase H1 influence DNA replication timing and genome stability in Leishmania.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Nanopore sequencing reveals that DNA replication compartmentalisation dictates genome stability and instability in Trypanosoma brucei.Nature communications · 2025Article
208 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Leishmania parasites cause a spectrum of clinical pathology in humans ranging from disfiguring cutaneous lesions to fatal visceral leishmaniasis. We have generated a reference genome for Leishmania mexicana and refined the reference genomes for Leishmania major, Leishmania infantum, and Leishmania braziliensis. This has allowed the identification of a remarkably low number of genes or paralog groups (2, 14, 19, and 67, respectively) unique to one species. These were found to be conserved in additional isolates of the same species. We have predicted allelic variation and find that in these isolates, L. major and L. infantum have a surprisingly low number of predicted heterozygous SNPs compared with L. braziliensis and L. mexicana. We used short read coverage to infer ploidy and gene copy numbers, identifying large copy number variations between species, with 200 tandem gene arrays in L. major and 132 in L. mexicana. Chromosome copy number also varied significantly between species, with nine supernumerary chromosomes in L. infantum, four in L. mexicana, two in L. braziliensis, and one in L. major. A significant bias against gene arrays on supernumerary chromosomes was shown to exist, indicating that duplication events occur more frequently on disomic chromosomes. Taken together, our data demonstrate that there is little variation in unique gene content across Leishmania species, but large-scale genetic heterogeneity can result through gene amplification on disomic chromosomes and variation in chromosome number. Increased gene copy number due to chromosome amplification may contribute to alterations in gene expression in response to environmental conditions in the host, providing a genetic basis for disease tropism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.