ReviewCell2011
Molecular mechanisms of fear learning and memory.
Review in Cell, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 540 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
540 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,011 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of ketamine on fear memory extinction: a review of preclinical literature.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Impaired hippocampus-dependent associative learning as a mechanism underlying PTSD: A meta-analysis.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Preventing fear return in humans: Music-based intervention during reactivation-extinction paradigm.PloS one · 2024Trial
- The effect of mindfulness training on extinction retention.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Fear expression is suppressed by tyrosine administration.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Fear conditioning enhances subsequent cocaine self-administration and amygdala neuronal activity only in male rats.Neuropharmacology · 2026Article
- Opposing sensitive period effects of early and late childhood maltreatment on corticolimbic responses in fear conditioning.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Review
- Dynamic changes in amygdala and insula responses to the onset and offset of conditioned stimuli during threat learning.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Generalization of negative memories drives the development of psychological distress-related behaviors.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2026Article
- Oxytocin attenuates fear learning via enhancing somatostatin interneuron-mediated local GABAergic inhibition in the prelimbic cortex.Science advances · 2026Article
- Metabolic Brain Disorders: Prodromes, Symptoms, and Syndromes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Hippocampal CA2 modulates trace fear conditioning through circuit-specific control of CA1.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Non-canonical K27 polyubiquitination is a sex-specific regulator of contextual fear memory in the hippocampus but not the amygdala.Behavioural brain research · 2026Article
- Alternative microexon splicing code for a four-amino acid peptide of PTPRD governs behavioral development.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Preventing traumatic stress-induced behavioral abnormalities in rats with blue light phototherapy.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Value coding by primate amygdala neurons complies with the continuity axiom of economic choice theory.Journal of neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Metformin Restores Innate Fear Deficits in Young Adult Female APP/PS1 Mice via Basolateral Amygdala Activation.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Contextual Fear Conditioning Selectively Increases Levels of Arc and c-Fos Proteins in the Dorsal, but not the Ventral Hippocampus.Neurochemical research · 2026Article
- Negative allosteric modulation of mGlu7 disrupts fear memory reconsolidation and glutamatergic signaling in rat and human brain tissue.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
480 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Pavlovian fear conditioning is a particularly useful behavioral paradigm for exploring the molecular mechanisms of learning and memory because a well-defined response to a specific environmental stimulus is produced through associative learning processes. Synaptic plasticity in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA) underlies this form of associative learning. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms that contribute to this synaptic plasticity in the context of auditory fear conditioning, the form of fear conditioning best understood at the molecular level. We discuss the neurotransmitter systems and signaling cascades that contribute to three phases of auditory fear conditioning: acquisition, consolidation, and reconsolidation. These studies suggest that multiple intracellular signaling pathways, including those triggered by activation of Hebbian processes and neuromodulatory receptors, interact to produce neural plasticity in the LA and behavioral fear conditioning. Collectively, this body of research illustrates the power of fear conditioning as a model system for characterizing the mechanisms of learning and memory in mammals and potentially for understanding fear-related disorders, such as PTSD and phobias.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.