ArticleCell host & microbe2011
Bacteroides in the infant gut consume milk oligosaccharides via mucus-utilization pathways.
Article in Cell host & microbe, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01817127 (Functional Deconstruction of Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Lipids), which is not on this map. Cited by 323 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Functional Deconstruction of Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Lipids
Who cites it
323 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 572 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neonatal Diet and Gut Microbiome Development After C-Section During the First Three Months After Birth: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Diet, adiposity, and the gut microbiota from infancy to adolescence: A systematic review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2021Pooled it
- A human milk oligosaccharide alters the microbiome, circulating hormones, and metabolites in a randomized controlled trial of older adults.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Trial
- Effect of one prophylactic dose of azithromycin on Bifidobacterium infantis colonization in infants from the Mumta trial.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2025Trial
- Early probiotic supplementation with B. infantis in breastfed infants leads to persistent colonization at 1 year.Pediatric research · 2022Trial
- Neonatal diet alters fecal microbiota and metabolome profiles at different ages in infants fed breast milk or formula.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2020Trial
- Fecal metatranscriptomics and glycomics suggest that bovine milk oligosaccharides are fully utilized by healthy adults.The Journal of nutritional biochemistry · 2020Trial
- Orchestrating life's first community: molecular assembly by human milk oligosaccharides.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Mucin-degrading gut bacteria: context-dependent roles in intestinal homeostasis and disease.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Senescence-associated loss of intestinal α1,2-fucose disrupts a modifiable host-microbiome homeostasis axis in people with HIV.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Stool microbial composition is associated with recent and future diarrhea and fever events in breastfed Danish infants.mSystems · 2026Observational
- Longitudinal analysis of human milk oligosaccharides and mucin-2-glycans in infants reveals enrichment of sulfated and glucuronic acid-bearing HMOs.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- The role of human milk oligosaccharides in shaping and restoring infant gut microbiota: population-based cohort study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- A bifidobacterial enzyme orchestrates ecology and function of infant gut bacterial community.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Development of gut microbiota composition in captive Asian elephants: a year-long analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Effects of N-Acetylneuraminic Acid on Intestinal Microbial Composition and Metabolic Activity in a Piglet Model.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Probiotics in breast-fed healthy term infants: imperative or superfluous?Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Synbiotic effects of 2'-fucosyllactose andFrontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Compiling an early life human gut microbiome atlas and identification of key microbial drivers.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Indigenous infants in remote Australia retain an ancestral gut microbiome despite encroaching Westernization.Nature communications · 2025Article
263 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Newborns are colonized with an intestinal microbiota shortly after birth, but the factors governing the retention and abundance of specific microbial lineages are unknown. Nursing infants consume human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) that pass undigested to the distal gut, where they may be digested by microbes. We determined that the prominent neonate gut residents, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bacteroides fragilis, induce the same genes during HMO consumption that are used to harvest host mucus glycans, which are structurally similar to HMOs. Lacto-N-neotetraose, a specific HMO component, selects for HMO-adapted species such as Bifidobacterium infantis, which cannot use mucus, and provides a selective advantage to B. infantis in vivo when biassociated with B. thetaiotaomicron in the gnotobiotic mouse gut. This indicates that the complex oligosaccharide mixture within HMOs attracts both mutualistic mucus-adapted species and HMO-adapted bifidobacteria to the infant intestine that likely facilitate both milk and future solid food digestion.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.