Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22033559›Full record

ArticleDialogues in clinical neuroscience2004

Biology of Parkinson's disease: pathogenesis and pathophysiology of a multisystem neurodegenerative disorder.

Garrett E Alexander

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC
In one paragraph

Article in Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 2004. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 208 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
208citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 41% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

208 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 320 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  4. Pooled it
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Effect of 12-Week BMI-Based Vitamin DInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023
    Trial
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  9. Article
  10. Article
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  12. Review
  13. Molecular mirror: reflecting the complexity of Parkinson's disease.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. MicroRNAs and synaptic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025
    Review

148 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.

Garrett E AlexanderDepartment of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga, USA.
Emory University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common movement disorder. The characteristic motor impairments - bradykinesia, rigidity, and resting tremor - result from degenerative loss of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra, and are responsive to symptomatic treatment with dopaminergic medications and functional neurosurgery. PD is also the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Viewed from this perspective, PD is a disorder of multiple functional systems, not simply the motor system, and of multiple neurotransmitter systems, not merely that of DA. The characteristic pathology - intraneuronal Lewy body inclusions and reduced numbers of surviving neurons - is similar in each of the targeted neuron groups, suggesting a common neurodegenerative process. Pathological and experimental studies indicate that oxidative stress, proteolytic stress, and inflammation figure prominently in the pathogenesis of PD. Yet, whether any of these mechanisms plays a causal role in human PD is unknown, because to date we have no proven neuroprotective therapies that slow or reverse disease progression in patients with PD. We are beginning to understand the pathophysiology of motor dysfunction in PD, but its etiopathogenesis as a neurodegenerative disorder remains poorly understood.

Indexed as

dopamineLewy bodynigraoxidative stressstriatumsubthalamic nucleusα-synuclein; proteasome

Identifiers

PMID22033559
PMCPMC3181806
OpenAlexW1440913109

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.