ArticleAmerican journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology2012
Sex hormone-dependent regulation of cilia beat frequency in airway epithelium.
Article in American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-biased Gene Expression Underlies Immune Dysfunction in Asthma.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2025Pooled it
- Sex differences in adult asthma and COPD therapy: a systematic review.Respiratory research · 2022Pooled it
- How Does Biological Sex Impact Mucosal Bacterial Infection? Mucosal Defenses and Bacterial Detection.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Endocrinology and the Lung: Exploring the Bidirectional Axis and Future Directions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Addressing Sex as a Biological Variable in Preclinical Models of Lung Disease: An Official American Thoracic Society Research Statement.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Article
- Sex disparities in cystic fibrosis in the era of highly effective modulator treatment.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Review
- Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infection in Bronchiectasis: A Narrative Review of Current Status and Future.Health science reports · 2025Article
- The association of infant urinary adrenal steroids with the risk of childhood asthma development.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2024Article
- Progesterone modulates the immune microenvironment to suppress ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation by inhibiting NETosis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Sex differences in airway disease: estrogen and airway surface liquid dynamics.Biology of sex differences · 2024Review
- Progesterone amplifies allergic inflammation and airway pathology in association with higher lung ILC2 responses.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2024Article
- Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment, and management of asthma in women across life.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Review
- Sleep apnea syndrome associated with gonadal hormone imbalance (Review).Biomedical reports · 2023Review
- Role of mucociliary clearance system in respiratory diseases.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2023Article
- Early natural menopause is associated with poor lung health and increased mortality among female smokers.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2022Article
- Hormonal Effects on Asthma, Rhinitis, and Eczema.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice · 2022Review
- Sex Plays a Multifaceted Role in Asthma Pathogenesis.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- Just breathe: a review of sex and gender in chronic lung disease.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Review
- Lung Function Variation during the Estrus Cycle of Mares Affected by Severe Asthma.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Female Reproductive Factors and the Risk of Bronchiectasis: A Nationwide Population-Based Longitudinal Study.Biomedicines · 2022Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated a female disadvantage in airway diseases, such as asthma and bronchiectasis. The basis for this sex disparity is unknown. We hypothesized that the female sex hormone, progesterone (P4), inhibits functions of the normal airway mucociliary apparatus. P4 receptor (PR) expression was evaluated in human lung and cultured primary human airway epithelial cells isolated from male and female lung transplant donors. PR expression was restricted to the proximal region of the cilia of airway epithelia, and was similar in men and women. Expression of isoform PR-B was more abundant than PR-A in cells from both sexes. Airway epithelial cell exposure to P4 decreased cilia beat frequency (CBF) by 42.3% (±7.2). Inhibition of CBF was prevented by coadministration of P4 with the active form of estrogen, 17β-estradiol, or the PR antagonist, mifepristone. P4 inhibition was time and dose dependent, with a significant decrease by 8 hours and maximal effect at 24 hours, accompanied by translocation of PR from the cilia to the nucleus. Inhibition of cilia beat was also prevented by treatment of cells with actinomycin D, suggesting that CBF inhibition is a transcriptionally mediated event. Together, these findings indicate that sex hormones influence the function of a key component of the mucociliary apparatus. These mechanisms may contribute to the sex disparity present in airway diseases and provide therapeutic targets for the treatment of these debilitating airway diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.