ArticleBMC microbiology2011
Exploring the contribution of efflux on the resistance to fluoroquinolones in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 57 papers.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed.
- Occurrence, variability and evolutionary relations of efflux pump determinants across five pathogenicFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Unlocking the Gates: A Novel Diagnostic Molecule for Quantifying Efflux Levels in Gram-Positive Bacteria.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Antimicrobials Resistance Profiling and Clonal Lineages ofJournal of arthropod-borne diseases · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Gene Profiling, and Spa Typing ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review
- Antimicrobial Strategies Proposed for the Treatment ofVeterinary sciences · 2024Review
- Enhanced Efficacy of Ciprofloxacin and Tobramycin againstAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Overexpression of efflux pump genes is one of the mechanisms causing drug resistance inMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Colistin Resistance Mechanisms and Molecular Epidemiology ofInfection and drug resistance · 2024Article
- Comparative Antibacterial and Efflux Pump Inhibitory Activity of Isolated Nerolidol, Farnesol, and α-Bisabolol Sesquiterpenes and Their Liposomal Nanoformulations.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Valencene, Nootkatone and Their Liposomal Nanoformulations as Potential Inhibitors of NorA, Tet(K), MsrA, and MepA Efflux Pumps inPharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance: Two-Component Regulatory Systems and Multidrug Efflux Pumps.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Inhibition ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Assessment of multidrug-resistant profile, multi-locus sequence typing and efflux pump activity in Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from hospital sewage.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2023Article
- Exploring Efflux as a Mechanism of Reduced Susceptibility towards Biocides and Fluoroquinolones inAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Genomic alterations involved in fluoroquinolone resistance development in Staphylococcus aureus.PloS one · 2023Article
- Occurrence and Variability of the Efflux Pump GeneInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Evaluation of Gene Expression ofArchives of Razi Institute · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAntimicrobial resistance mediated by efflux systems is still poorly characterized in Staphylococcus aureus, despite the description of several efflux pumps (EPs) for this bacterium. In this work we used several methodologies to characterize the efflux activity of 52 S. aureus isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin collected in a hospital in Lisbon, Portugal, in order to understand the role played by these systems in the resistance to fluoroquinolones.
resultsAugmented efflux activity was detected in 12 out of 52 isolates and correlated with increased resistance to fluoroquinolones. Addition of efflux inhibitors did not result in the full reversion of the fluoroquinolone resistance phenotype, yet it implied a significant decrease in the resistance levels, regardless of the type(s) of mutation(s) found in the quinolone-resistance determining region of grlA and gyrA genes, which accounted for the remaining resistance that was not efflux-mediated. Expression analysis of the genes coding for the main efflux pumps revealed increased expression only in the presence of inducing agents. Moreover, it showed that not only different substrates can trigger expression of different EP genes, but also that the same substrate can promote a variable response, according to its concentration. We also found isolates belonging to the same clonal type that showed different responses towards drug exposure, thus evidencing that highly related clinical isolates may diverge in the efflux-mediated response to noxious agents. The data gathered by real-time fluorometric and RT-qPCR assays suggest that S. aureus clinical isolates may be primed to efflux antimicrobial compounds.
conclusionsThe results obtained in this work do not exclude the importance of mutations in resistance to fluoroquinolones in S. aureus, yet they underline the contribution of efflux systems for the emergence of high-level resistance. All together, the results presented in this study show the potential role played by efflux systems in the development of resistance to fluoroquinolones in clinical isolates of S. aureus.
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