Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22032172›Full record

ArticleGenome biology2011

Variation in global codon usage bias among prokaryotic organisms is associated with their lifestyles.

Maya Botzman, Hanah Margalit

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome biology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
71citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

71 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Plastomes of TenEcology and evolution · 2026
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  8. Patterns and drivers of genome-wide codon usage bias in the fungal order Sordariales.DNA research : an international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes · 2025
    Article
  9. Macroevolutionary changes in natural selection on codon usage reflect evolution of the tRNA pool across a budding yeast subphylum.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  10. Comparative genomic analysis ofMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2025
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  14. Genomic personalities ofISME communications · 2025
    Article
  15. Applying the Classic Test dN/dS to Detect Selection in Archaea.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025
    Article
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11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Maya BotzmanDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
Hanah Margalit

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIt is widely acknowledged that synonymous codons are used unevenly among genes in a genome. In organisms under translational selection, genes encoding highly expressed proteins are enriched with specific codons. This phenomenon, termed codon usage bias, is common to many organisms and has been recognized as influencing cellular fitness. This suggests that the global extent of codon usage bias of an organism might be associated with its phenotypic traits.

resultsTo test this hypothesis we used a simple measure for assessing the extent of codon bias of an organism, and applied it to hundreds of sequenced prokaryotes. Our analysis revealed a large variability in this measure: there are organisms showing very high degrees of codon usage bias and organisms exhibiting almost no differential use of synonymous codons among different genes. Remarkably, we found that the extent of codon usage bias corresponds to the lifestyle of the organism. Especially, organisms able to live in a wide range of habitats exhibit high extents of codon usage bias, consistent with their need to adapt efficiently to different environments. Pathogenic prokaryotes also demonstrate higher extents of codon usage bias than non-pathogenic prokaryotes, in accord with the multiple environments that many pathogens occupy. Our results show that the previously observed correlation between growth rate and metabolic variability is attributed to their individual associations with codon usage bias.

conclusionsOur results suggest that the extent of codon usage bias of an organism plays a role in the adaptation of prokaryotes to their environments.

Indexed as

CodonAdaptation, BiologicalArchaeaBacteriaBase CompositionComputational BiologyDatabases, GeneticEcosystemEvolution, MolecularGenome, ArchaealGenome, BacterialModels, GeneticPhenotypePhylogenyCodon

Identifiers

PMID22032172
PMCPMC3333779

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.