ArticlePloS one2011
Antiviral activity and increased host defense against influenza infection elicited by the human cathelicidin LL-37.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 194 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
194 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 362 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serum vitamin D levels in patients with Bell's palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Association of Vitamin D Status with SARS-CoV-2 Infection or COVID-19 Severity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- Roles of d-Amino Acids on the Bioactivity of Host Defense Peptides.International journal of molecular sciences · 2016Pooled it
- Complementary and Alternative Medicine Treatment Options for Otitis Media: A Systematic Review.Medicine · 2016Pooled it
- Vitamin D and Respiratory Tract Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
- Trial
- Impact of vitamin D supplementation in the prognosis of patients with SARS-CoV2 pneumonia admitted to the intensive care unit - a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation on Influenza Vaccine Response and Immune Functions in Deficient Elderly Persons: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Trial
- Intake of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Reduces Duration and Severity of Upper Respiratory Tract Infection: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Comparison Study.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Impact of high-dose vitamin DNutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · 2017Trial
- Randomized controlled trial of calcitriol in severe sepsis.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2014Trial
- Citrullination alters immunomodulatory function of LL-37 essential for prevention of endotoxin-induced sepsis.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2014Trial
- Dermcidin has antiviral activity and protects against influenza.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Vitamin D-Induced Antimicrobial Peptides in Combating Viral Infections.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Medication, Nutrition, and Hygiene in COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.Global challenges (Hoboken, NJ) · 2025Review
- Exploring the Antimicrobial and Antiviral Properties of Cryptic Peptides from Human Fibrinogen.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and respiratory infections in US preschool children: a population-based study.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial peptide LL-37 increases rhinovirus-induced interferon β expression in human airway epithelial cells through a CaBiochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- Deep learning in the discovery of antiviral peptides and peptidomimetics: databases and prediction tools.Molecular diversity · 2025Review
134 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The extensive world-wide morbidity and mortality caused by influenza A viruses highlights the need for new insights into the host immune response and novel treatment approaches. Cationic Host Defense Peptides (CHDP, also known as antimicrobial peptides), which include cathelicidins and defensins, are key components of the innate immune system that are upregulated during infection and inflammation. Cathelicidins have immunomodulatory and anti-viral effects, but their impact on influenza virus infection has not been previously assessed. We therefore evaluated the effect of cathelicidin peptides on disease caused by influenza A virus in mice. The human cathelicidin, LL-37, and the murine cathelicidin, mCRAMP, demonstrated significant anti-viral activity in vivo, reducing disease severity and viral replication in infected mice to a similar extent as the well-characterized influenza virus-specific antiviral drug zanamivir. In vitro and in vivo experiments suggested that the peptides may act directly on the influenza virion rather than via receptor-based mechanisms. Influenza virus-infected mice treated with LL-37 had lower concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lung than did infected animals that had not been treated with cathelicidin peptides. These data suggest that treatment of influenza-infected individuals with cathelicidin-derived therapeutics, or modulation of endogenous cathelicidin production may provide significant protection against disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.