ArticleNeoplasia (New York, N.Y.)2011
B cells are critical to T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity induced by a combined immune-stimulatory/conditionally cytotoxic therapy for glioblastoma.
Article in Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.), 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intratumoral B cell and interferon signatures in newly diagnosed glioblastoma are associated with longer survival in patients treated with SurVaxM.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Trial
- Reprogramming the immune suppressive tumor microenvironment in glioma enhances the efficacy of immune-mediated gene therapy.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Activating a B cell immune response regresses immunologically cold tumours.Nature nanotechnology · 2026Article
- Significance of the association between hypoxia and pyroptosis-related genes in the prognostic prediction of glioblastoma: insights from model construction and validation.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- Design of a novel multiepitope vaccine against glioblastoma by in silico approaches.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Masters of adaptation: How cancer and immune cell plasticity mediates tumor progression.PLoS biology · 2025Review
- Blocking plasma cell fate enhances antigen-specific presentation by B cells to boost anti-tumor immunity.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Tumor-infiltrating and circulating B cells mediate local and systemic immunomodulatory mechanisms in Glioblastoma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- Multilevel plasticity and altered glycosylation drive aggressiveness in hypoxic and glucose-deprived bladder cancer cells.iScience · 2025Article
- Multiparametric MRI along with machine learning predicts prognosis and treatment response in pediatric low-grade glioma.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Immune Checkpoints in B Cells: Unlocking New Potentials in Cancer Treatment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Flow cytometry identifies changes in peripheral and intrathecal lymphocyte patterns in CNS autoimmune disorders and primary CNS malignancies.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- The impact of supervised and home exercise activity intervention on circulating immune cell numbers in cancer patients.Heliyon · 2024Article
- HCMV IE1/IE1mut Therapeutic Vaccine Induces Tumor Regression via Intratumoral Tertiary Lymphoid Structure Formation and Peripheral Immunity Activation in Glioblastoma Multiforme.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Splenic marginal zone B cells restrict Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by shaping the cytokine pattern and cell-mediated immunity.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Radiation Therapy and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: Breaking Down Their Cancerous Partnership.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2024Review
- Review
- IGFBP5, as a Prognostic Indicator Promotes Tumor Progression and Correlates with Immune Microenvironment in Glioma.Journal of Cancer · 2024Article
- Hypoxia within the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment: a master saboteur of novel treatments.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Combined cytotoxic and immune-stimulatory gene therapy using Ad-TK and Ad-Flt3L: Translational developments from rodents to glioma patients.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2023Review
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We have demonstrated that modifying the tumor microenvironment through intratumoral administration of adenoviral vectors (Ad) encoding the conditional cytotoxic molecule, i.e., HSV1-TK and the immune-stimulatory cytokine, i.e., fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) leads to T-cell-dependent tumor regression in rodent models of glioblastoma. We investigated the role of B cells during immune-mediated glioblastoma multiforme regression. Although treatment with Ad-TK+Ad-Flt3L induced tumor regression in 60% of wild-type (WT) mice, it completely failed in B-cell-deficient Igh6(-/-) mice. Tumor-specific T-cell precursors were detected in Ad-TK+Ad-Flt3L-treated WT mice but not in Igh6(-/-) mice. The treatment also failed in WT mice depleted of total B cells or marginal zone B cells. Because we could not detect circulating antibodies against tumor cells and the treatment was equally efficient in WT mice and in mice with B-cell-specific deletion of Prdm 1 (encoding Blimp-1), in which B cells are present but unable to fully differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells, tumor regression in this model is not dependent on B cells' production of tumor antigen-specific immunoglobulins. Instead, B cells seem to play a role as antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Treatment with Ad-TK+Ad-Flt3L led to an increase in the number of B cells in the cervical lymph nodes, which stimulated the proliferation of syngeneic T cells and induced clonal expansion of antitumor T cells. Our data show that B cells act as APCs, playing a critical role in clonal expansion of tumor antigen-specific T cells and brain tumor regression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.