ArticleBritish journal of cancer2011
Childhood leukaemia and socioeconomic status in England and Wales 1976-2005: evidence of higher incidence in relatively affluent communities persists over time.
Article in British journal of cancer, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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41 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Area-Based Marginalization and Incidence of Childhood Cancer.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children born after assisted reproductive technology.Reproductive biomedicine online · 2024Article
- Solar ultraviolet radiation exposure, and incidence of childhood acute lymphocytic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a US population-based dataset.British journal of cancer · 2024Article
- Immune stress suppresses innate immune signaling in preleukemic precursor B-cells to provoke leukemia in predisposed mice.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Childhood and adolescent cancer in Germany - an overview.Journal of health monitoring · 2023Article
- Neighborhood Deprivation, Indoor Chemical Concentrations, and Spatial Risk for Childhood Leukemia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in the Setting of Therapy-Induced Acute Myeloid Leukemia: An Autopsy Report.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Antibiotics in early life and childhood pre-B-ALL. Reasons to analyze a possible new piece in the puzzle.Discover oncology · 2022Review
- Infectious triggers and novel therapeutic opportunities in childhood B cell leukaemia.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2021Review
- A review of studies of childhood cancer and natural background radiation.International journal of radiation biology · 2021Review
- Article
- Socioeconomic differences in the risk of childhood central nervous system tumors in Denmark: a nationwide register-based case-control study.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2020Article
- Epidemiological studies of natural sources of radiation and childhood cancer: current challenges and future perspectives.Journal of radiological protection : official journal of the Society for Radiological Protection · 2020Review
- Case-control study of paternal occupational exposures and childhood lymphoma in Great Britain, 1962-2010.British journal of cancer · 2019Article
- Radiation Exposure From Pediatric CT Scans and Subsequent Cancer Risk in the Netherlands.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2019Article
- Social Inequalities Along the Childhood Cancer Continuum: An Overview of Evidence and a Conceptual Framework to Identify Underlying Mechanisms and Pathways.Frontiers in public health · 2019Review
- Childhood cancer research in Oxford II: The Childhood Cancer Research Group.British journal of cancer · 2018Article
- A causal mechanism for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2018Review
- Survival differences in childhood and young adult acute myeloid leukemia: A cross-national study using US and England data.Cancer epidemiology · 2018Article
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Abstract
backgroundRecord-based studies have generally reported association of higher childhood leukaemia incidence with higher socioeconomic status (SES), but recent findings are less consistent.
methodsWe examined records from the National Registry of Childhood Tumours for evidence of this association in England and Wales during 1976-2005. All eligible leukaemia registrations (N=11940) were grouped by year of diagnosis in decades centred on census years 1981, 1991 and 2001 (N=3748, 3922, 4270, respectively). Using data from the census appropriate to the decade, SES for each case was measured by the child-population-weighted quintile of the Carstairs deprivation index of the census ward containing the address at diagnosis.
resultsIn each decade, the age-standardised leukaemia rate in the poorest quintile was ∼90% of the rate in the most affluent. Using Poisson regression, the age-adjusted rate ratio per quintile decrease in SES was 0.96 (95% confidence interval 0.94-0.98; P<0.001 for trend) in 1976-1985, 0.97 (0.95-0.99; P=0.008) in 1986-1995 and 0.97 (0.95-0.99; P=0.009) in 1996-2005. Similar association was evident for lymphoid leukaemia, the major subgroup (N=9588 in total), but not for acute myeloid (N=1868) or other/unspecified leukaemia (N=484).
conclusionReported childhood leukaemia incidence in England and Wales continues to be higher in relatively affluent communities. Possible explanations include under-diagnosis of leukaemia in children from poorer communities, and/or association of higher SES with hypothesised risk factors, such as population mixing and delayed exposure to infection.
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