ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2011
Anti-CD20 B-cell depletion enhances monocyte reactivity in neuroimmunological disorders.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Synergistic Interaction Between MALAT1/miR-30b-5p/BAFF Axis and Inflammatory Cytokines Underlies Rituximab-Refractory NMOSD.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Impact of Anti-CD20 Therapies on Cytokine, Chemokine and Adhesion Molecule Dynamics in Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review.Neurology and therapy · 2026Review
- Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition Limits Multiple Sclerosis Disease-Driving Inflammation While Promoting Regulatory B Cells.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Phenotypic Changes in a Monocyte Cluster with High Interleukin-1 Beta Expression during Long-Term Anti-CD20 Therapy.Annals of neurology · 2025Article
- Reprogramming autoimmunity: inducing antigen-specific tolerance via apoptotic mimicry in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- The T-cell response to SARS-CoV- 2 vaccination persists beyond six months in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with rituximab.Arthritis research & therapy · 2025Observational
- SARS-CoV-2-Specific T Lymphocytes Analysis in mRNA-Vaccinated Patients with B-Cell Lymphoid Malignancies on Active Treatment.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Single-cell profiling indicates a high similarity between immune cells in the cerebrospinal fluid and in meningeal ectopic lymphoid tissue in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- IL-10-providing B cells govern pro-inflammatory activity of macrophages and microglia in CNS autoimmunity.Acta neuropathologica · 2023Article
- Specific myeloid signatures in peripheral blood differentiate active and rare clinical phenotypes of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Intruders or protectors - the multifaceted role of B cells in CNS disorders.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
- B cell-dependent EAE induces visual deficits in the mouse with similarities to human autoimmune demyelinating diseases.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- CNS and CNS diseases in relation to their immune system.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- A Milestone in Multiple Sclerosis Therapy: Monoclonal Antibodies Against CD20-Yet Progress Continues.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2021Review
- B cells in multiple sclerosis - from targeted depletion to immune reconstitution therapies.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2021Review
- Role of complement and potential of complement inhibitors in myasthenia gravis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: a brief review.Journal of neurology · 2021Review
- B Cells and Antibodies as Targets of Therapeutic Intervention in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Efficacy of Low-Dose Rituximab on Neuromyelitis Optica-Associated Optic Neuritis.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- B cells reappear less mature and more activated after their anti-CD20-mediated depletion in multiple sclerosis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundClinical trials evaluating anti-CD20-mediated B-cell depletion in multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) generated encouraging results. Our recent studies in the MS model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) attributed clinical benefit to extinction of activated B-cells, but cautioned that depletion of naïve B-cells may be undesirable. We elucidated the regulatory role of un-activated B-cells in EAE and investigated whether anti-CD20 may collaterally diminish regulatory B-cell properties in treatment of neuroimmunological disorders.
methodsMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide-immunized C57Bl/6 mice were depleted of B-cells. Functional consequences for regulatory T-cells (Treg) and cytokine production of CD11b+ antigen presenting cells (APC) were assessed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 22 patients receiving anti-CD20 and 23 untreated neuroimmunological patients were evaluated for frequencies of B-cells, T-cells and monocytes; monocytic reactivity was determined by TNF-production and expression of signalling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM).
resultsWe observed that EAE-exacerbation upon depletion of un-activated B-cells closely correlated with an enhanced production of pro-inflammatory TNF by CD11b+ APC. Paralleling this pre-clinical finding, anti-CD20 treatment of human neuroimmunological disorders increased the relative frequency of monocytes and accentuated pro-inflammatory monocyte function; when reactivated ex vivo, a higher frequency of monocytes from B-cell depleted patients produced TNF and expressed the activation marker SLAM.
conclusionsThese data suggest that in neuroimmunological disorders, pro-inflammatory APC activity is controlled by a subset of B-cells which is eliminated concomitantly upon anti-CD20 treatment. While this observation does not conflict with the general concept of B-cell depletion in human autoimmunity, it implies that its safety and effectiveness may further advance by selectively targeting pathogenic B-cell function.
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Registered trials
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