Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22025704›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2011

Reciprocal seasonal variation in vitamin D status and tuberculosis notifications in Cape Town, South Africa.

Adrian R Martineau, Shepherd Nhamoyebonde, Tolu Oni, Molebogeng X Rangaka, Suzaan Marais, Nonzwakazi Bangani, Relebohile Tsekela, Lizl Bashe, Virginia de Azevedo, Judy Caldwell and 4 more

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
106citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
14.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

106 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 206 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
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  8. Trial
  9. Daily adjunctive therapy with vitamin DJournal of internal medicine · 2018
    Trial
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  11. Efficacy of vitamin DTrials · 2017
    Trial
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  17. Vitamin D accelerates resolution of inflammatory responses during tuberculosis treatment.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2012
    Trial
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Vitamin D supplementation in a post-pandemic era: A narrative review.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2023
    Review

46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Adrian R MartineauDivision of Mycobacterial Research, National Institute of Medical Research, Mill Hill NW7 1AA, United Kingdom. a.martineau@qmul.ac.uk
Shepherd Nhamoyebonde
Tolu Oni
Molebogeng X Rangaka
Suzaan Marais
Nonzwakazi Bangani
Relebohile Tsekela
Lizl Bashe
Virginia de Azevedo
Judy Caldwell
Timothy R Venton
Peter M Timms
Katalin A Wilkinson
Robert J Wilkinson
University of Cape Town · ZAWellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa · ZACity of Cape Town · ZAHomerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust · GBQueen Mary University of London · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council MC_U117588499Medical Research Council U117588499(88499)Wellcome Trust 084323Wellcome Trust 088316Wellcome Trust 090677
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-uninfected people in Europe, but it is not known whether such an association exists among HIV-infected people in subtropical Africa. We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine whether vitamin D deficiency was associated with susceptibility to active TB in HIV-uninfected (n = 196) and HIV-infected (n = 174) black Africans in Cape Town, South Africa. We also investigated whether there was evidence of seasonal variation in vitamin D status and TB notifications in this setting over an 8-y period. Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] <50 nmol/L) was present in 232 (62.7%) of 370 participants and was associated with active TB in both HIV-uninfected (odds ratio = 5.2, 95% confidence interval: 2.8-9.7; P < 0.001) and HIV-infected (odds ratio = 5.6, 95% confidence interval: 2.7-11.6; P < 0.001) people. Vitamin D status varied according to season: The mean serum 25(OH)D concentration was highest in January through March and lowest in July through September (56.8 vs. 30.7 nmol/L, respectively; P < 0.001). Reciprocal seasonal variation in TB notifications was observed: The mean number of TB notifications per quarter for Cape Town in 2003 to 2010 was lowest in April through June and highest in October through December (4,222 vs. 5,080; P < 0.001). Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among black Africans in Cape Town and is associated with susceptibility to active TB both in the presence and absence of HIV infection. Reciprocal seasonal variation in serum 25(OH)D concentration and TB notifications suggests that seasonal variations in vitamin D status and TB incidence in this setting are causally related.

Indexed as

SeasonsAnalysis of VarianceCross-Sectional StudiesHIV InfectionsHumansOdds RatioSouth AfricaStatistics, NonparametricTuberculosisVitamin DVitamin D Deficiency25-hydroxyvitamin DVitamin D

Identifiers

PMID22025704
PMCPMC3223428
OpenAlexW2155675122

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.