Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22025519›Full record

ArticleInfection and immunity2012

Novel protein-based pneumococcal vaccines administered with the Th1-promoting adjuvant IC31 induce protective immunity against pneumococcal disease in neonatal mice.

Thorunn Asta Olafsdottir, Karen Lingnau, Eszter Nagy, Ingileif Jonsdottir

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Infection and immunity, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Vaccine adjuvants: mechanisms and platforms.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023
    Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
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  12. Determination of avidity of IgG against protein antigens from Streptococcus pneumoniae: assay development and preliminary application in clinical settings.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2018
    Article
  13. Pneumonia and Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine.Archives of pharmacal research · 2017
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
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  19. Article
  20. A Review of Pneumococcal Vaccines: Current Polysaccharide Vaccine Recommendations and Future Protein Antigens.The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Thorunn Asta OlafsdottirLandspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Department of Immunology, and University of Iceland Faculty of Medicine, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Karen Lingnau
Eszter Nagy
Ingileif Jonsdottir
Intercell (Austria) · ATNational University Hospital of Iceland · ISUniversity of Iceland · IS

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Streptococcus pneumoniae is responsible for many vaccine-preventable deaths, annually causing around 1 million deaths in children younger than 5 years of age. A new generation of pneumococcal vaccines based on conserved proteins is being developed. We evaluated the immunogenicities and protective efficacies of four pneumococcal protein vaccine candidates, PcsB, StkP, PsaA, and PspA, in a neonatal mouse model. Mice were immunized three times and challenged intranasally with virulent pneumococci. All four proteins were immunogenic in neonatal mice, and antibody (Ab) responses were significantly enhanced by the novel adjuvant IC31, which consists of an antibacterial peptide (KLKL5KLK) and a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide, ODN1a, that signals through Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). Two single proteins, StkP and PspA, combined with IC31 significantly reduced pneumococcal bacteremia but had no effects on lung infection. Three proteins, PcsB, StkP, and PsaA, were evaluated with alum or IC31. IC31 enhanced Ab responses and avidity to all three proteins, whereas alum enhanced Ab responses and avidity to StkP and PsaA only. Mice receiving the trivalent protein formulation with IC31 had significantly reduced bacteremia and lung infection compared to unvaccinated mice, but the level of protection was dependent on the dose of IC31. When PspA was added to the trivalent protein formulation, the dose of IC31 needed to obtain protective immunity could be reduced. These results demonstrate that a novel pneumococcal protein-based vaccine is immunogenic at an early age of mice and emphasize the benefits of using a combination of conserved proteins and an effective adjuvant to elicit potent protective immunity against invasive pneumococcal disease.

Indexed as

Adjuvants, ImmunologicAnimalsAnimals, NewbornAntibodies, BacterialBacteremiaBacterial ProteinsDisease Models, AnimalDrug CombinationsImmunization, SecondaryMiceOligodeoxyribonucleotidesOligopeptidesPneumococcal InfectionsPneumococcal VaccinesStreptococcus pneumoniaeTh1 CellsAdjuvants, ImmunologicAntibodies, BacterialBacterial ProteinsDrug CombinationsIC31 adjuvantOligodeoxyribonucleotidesOligopeptidesPneumococcal Vaccines

Identifiers

PMID22025519
PMCPMC3255653
OpenAlexW2112666909

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.