ArticleInternational journal of cancer2012
Pregnancy-induced chromatin remodeling in the breast of postmenopausal women.
Article in International journal of cancer, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oxidative Stress, Parity History, and Remnant Follicles in the Aged Ovary: Insights on Ovarian Cancer Risk and Protection.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Understanding Susceptibility to Breast Cancer: From Risk Factors to Prevention Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Age at First Full-term Pregnancy and Other Reproductive Factors Are Associated with Mammographic Breast Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Study in Flanders, Belgium.Cancer research communications · 2025Article
- Expression and functions of long non-coding RNA NEAT1 and isoforms in breast cancer.British journal of cancer · 2022Review
- The molecular basis of mammary gland development and epithelial differentiation.Seminars in cell & developmental biology · 2021Review
- An Integrative Single-cell Transcriptomic Atlas of the Post-natal Mouse Mammary Gland Allows Discovery of New Developmental Trajectories in the Luminal Compartment.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2021Article
- Review
- Environmental Factors Involved in Maternal Morbidity and Mortality.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2021Article
- The role of gene to gene interaction in the breast's genomic signature of pregnancy.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Pregnancy reprograms the epigenome of mammary epithelial cells and blocks the development of premalignant lesions.Nature communications · 2020Article
- BC200 overexpression contributes to luminal and triple negative breast cancer pathogenesis.BMC cancer · 2019Article
- Genomic signature of parity in the breast of premenopausal women.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2019Article
- Early Parity Epigenetic Footprint of FOXA1 Gene Body in Normal Breast Tissue of Iranian WomenIranian biomedical journal · 2019Article
- Imprint of parity and age at first pregnancy on the genomic landscape of subsequent breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2019Article
- XIST and TSIX: Novel Cancer Immune Biomarkers in PD-L1-Overexpressing Breast Cancer Patients.Frontiers in oncology · 2019Article
- Pregnancy duration and breast cancer risk.Nature communications · 2018Article
- Differential effect of parity on rat mammary carcinogenesis after pre- or post-pubertal exposure to radiation.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Good Guy or Bad Guy? The Duality of Wild-Type p53 in Hormone-Dependent Breast Cancer Origin, Treatment, and Recurrence.Cancers · 2018Review
- Deciphering the roles of lncRNAs in breast development and disease.Oncotarget · 2018Review
- The serum protein profile of early parity which induces protection against breast cancer.Oncotarget · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Early pregnancy and multiparity are known to reduce the risk of women to develop breast cancer at menopause. Based on the knowledge that the differentiation of the breast induced by the hormones of pregnancy plays a major role in this protection, this work was performed with the purpose of identifying what differentiation-associated molecular changes persist in the breast until menopause. Core needle biopsies (CNB) obtained from the breast of 42 nulliparous (NP) and 71 parous (P) postmenopausal women were analyzed in morphology, immunocytochemistry and gene expression. Whereas in the NP breast, nuclei of epithelial cells were large and euchromatic, in the P breast they were small and hyperchromatic, showing strong methylation of histone 3 at lysine 9 and 27. Transcriptomic analysis performed using Affymetrix HG_U133 oligonucleotide arrays revealed that in CNB of the P breast, there were 267 upregulated probesets that comprised genes controlling chromatin organization, transcription regulation, splicing machinery, mRNA processing and noncoding elements including XIST. We concluded that the differentiation process induced by pregnancy is centered in chromatin remodeling and in the mRNA processing reactome, both of which emerge as important regulatory pathways. These are indicative of a safeguard step that maintains the fidelity of the transcription process, becoming the ultimate mechanism mediating the protection of the breast conferred by full-term pregnancy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.