ArticleThe ocular surface2011
High resolution microscopy of the lipid layer of the tear film.
Article in The ocular surface, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of Perfluorohexyloctane for the Treatment of Patients with Dry Eye Disease: A Meta-Analysis.Ophthalmic research · 2025Pooled it
- A Controlled-Area Droplet Evaporimeter Reveals Surface Pressure-Dependent Evaporation Resistance of the Tear Film Lipid Layer.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Thermotropic phase transitions of binary mixtures of wax and cholesteryl esters relevant to tears.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- High Resolution Images of Human Meibum Spread on Saline.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Relationship Between Human Meibum Lipid Composition and the Severity of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Spectroscopic Analysis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Characterization of the thickness of the Tear Film Lipid Layer in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction using high resolution optical microscopy.The ocular surface · 2022Article
- Human Meibum and Tear Film Derived (O-Acyl)-Omega-Hydroxy Fatty Acids as Biomarkers of Tear Film Dynamics in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction and Dry Eye Disease.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
- Evidence for Phospholipids on the Surface of Human Tears.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Ellipsometry of human tears.The ocular surface · 2019Article
- Characterization of the thickness of the tear film lipid layer using high resolution microscopy.The ocular surface · 2019Review
- Mathematical modelling of glob-driven tear film breakup.Mathematical medicine and biology : a journal of the IMA · 2019Article
- Dynamics of Fluorescent Imaging for Rapid Tear Thinning.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2019Article
- On tear film breakup (TBU): dynamics and imaging.Mathematical medicine and biology : a journal of the IMA · 2018Article
- Mechanisms, imaging and structure of tear film breakup.The ocular surface · 2018Review
- Evaporation and Hydrocarbon Chain Conformation of Surface Lipid Films.The ocular surface · 2016Article
- Computed tear film and osmolarity dynamics on an eye-shaped domain.Mathematical medicine and biology : a journal of the IMA · 2016Article
- Dynamics and function of the tear film in relation to the blink cycle.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2015Review
- Tear film dynamics with evaporation, wetting, and time-dependent flux boundary condition on an eye-shaped domain.Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) · 2014Article
- Tear film interferometry and corneal surface roughness.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2014Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tear film evaporation is controlled by the lipid layer and is an important factor in dry eye conditions. Because the barrier to evaporation depends on the structure of the lipid layer, a high resolution microscope has been constructed to study the lipid layer in dry and in normal eyes. The microscope incorporates the following features. First, a long working distance microscope objective is used with a high numerical aperture and resolution. Second, because such a high resolution objective has limited depth of focus, 2000 images are recorded with a video camera over a 20-sec period, with the expectation that some images will be in focus. Third, illumination is from a stroboscopic light source having a brief flash duration, to avoid blurring from movement of the lipid layer. Fourth, the image is in focus when the edge of the image is sharp - this feature is used to select images in good focus. Fifth, an aid is included to help align the cornea at normal incidence to the axis of the objective so that the whole lipid image can be in focus. High resolution microscopy has the potential to elucidate several characteristics of the normal and abnormal lipid layer, including different objects and backgrounds, changes in the blink cycle, stability and fluidity, dewetting, gel-like properties and possible relation to lipid domains. It is expected that high resolution microscopy of the lipid layer will provide information about the mechanisms of dry eye disorders. Illustrative results are presented, derived from over 10,000 images from 375 subjects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.