ArticlePloS one2011
Quantification of epithelial cell differentiation in mammary glands and carcinomas from DMBA- and MNU-exposed rats.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification and functional analysis of Rattus norvegicus Mammary carcinoma susceptibility 1b (Mcs1b) nominated variants.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2025Article
- Luminal progenitor and mature cells are more susceptible than basal cells to radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks in rat mammary tissue.Journal of radiation research · 2024Article
- Rat Mammary carcinoma susceptibility 3 (Mcs3) pleiotropy, socioenvironmental interaction, and comparative genomics with orthologous human 15q25.1-25.2.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Article
- Chemical carcinogen-induced rat mammary carcinogenesis is a potential model of p21-activated kinase positive female breast cancer.Physiological genomics · 2021Article
- Based on BATMAN-TCM to Explore the Molecular Mechanism of Xihuang Pill Regulating Immune Function to Treat Breast Precancerous Lesions.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2021Article
- Dissecting the Rat Mammary Gland: Isolation, Characterization, and Culture of Purified Mammary Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts.Bio-protocol · 2020Article
- Psychosocial Stress Exposure Disrupts Mammary Gland Development.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2018Article
- 7,8-Dihydroxycoumarin exerts antitumor potential on DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis by inhibiting ERα, PR, EGFR, and IGF1R: involvement of MAPK1/2-JNK1/2-Akt pathway.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2018Article
- Chemical activation of prolyl hydroxylase-2 by BBAP-1 down regulates hypoxia inducible factor-1α and fatty acid synthase for mammary gland chemoprevention.RSC advances · 2018Article
- Pharmacodynamics and Medicinal Chemistry of an External Chinese Herbal Formula for Mammary Precancerous Lesions.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2017Article
- Analysis of Immune Cells from Human Mammary Ductal Epithelial Organoids Reveals Vδ2+ T Cells That Efficiently Target Breast Carcinoma Cells in the Presence of Bisphosphonate.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2016Article
- N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea as a mammary carcinogenic agent.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2015Review
- The gene desert mammary carcinoma susceptibility locus Mcs1a regulates Nr2f1 modifying mammary epithelial cell differentiation and proliferation.PLoS genetics · 2013Article
- Role of mammary epithelial and stromal P450 enzymes in the clearance and metabolic activation of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in mice.Toxicology letters · 2012Article
- Effective flow cytometric phenotyping of cells using minimal amounts of antibody.BioTechniques · 2012Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Rat mammary carcinogenesis models have been used extensively to study breast cancer initiation, progression, prevention, and intervention. Nevertheless, quantitative molecular data on epithelial cell differentiation in mammary glands of untreated and carcinogen-exposed rats is limited. Here, we describe the characterization of rat mammary epithelial cells (RMECs) by multicolor flow cytometry using antibodies against cell surface proteins CD24, CD29, CD31, CD45, CD49f, CD61, Peanut Lectin, and Thy-1, intracellular proteins CK14, CK19, and FAK, along with phalloidin and Hoechst staining. We identified the luminal and basal/myoepithelial populations and actively dividing RMECs. In inbred rats susceptible to mammary carcinoma development, we quantified the changes in differentiation of the RMEC populations at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after exposure to mammary carcinogens DMBA and MNU. DMBA exposure did not alter the percentage of basal or luminal cells, but upregulated CD49f (Integrin α6) expression and increased cell cycle activity. MNU exposure resulted in a temporary disruption of the luminal/basal ratio and no CD49f upregulation. When comparing DMBA- or MNU-induced mammary carcinomas, the RMEC differentiation profiles are indistinguishable. The carcinomas compared with mammary glands from untreated rats, showed upregulation of CD29 (Integrin β1) and CD49f expression, increased FAK (focal adhesion kinase) activation especially in the CD29hi population, and decreased CD61 (Integrin β3) expression. This study provides quantitative insight into the protein expression phenotypes underlying RMEC differentiation. The results highlight distinct RMEC differentiation etiologies of DMBA and MNU exposure, while the resulting carcinomas have similar RMEC differentiation profiles. The methodology and data will enhance rat mammary carcinogenesis models in the study of the role of epithelial cell differentiation in breast cancer.
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