ArticlePloS one2011
Corneal alternations induced by topical application of benzalkonium chloride in rabbit.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Porcine Corneal Models as Translational Platforms for Innovative Therapies: Current Insights and Future Directions.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Review
- Clinical Benefits of Preservative-Free Treatment for Glaucoma with a Focus on Preservative-Free Latanoprost.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Review
- A Bioengineered Model of the Human Cornea for Preclinical Assessment of Human Ocular Exposure to Environmental Toxicants.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Corneal light scattering and anterior segment findings in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a prospective study on disease monitoring.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Obtusifolin ameliorates dry eye model in rats by reducing inflammation and blocking MAPK/NF-κB pathways.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Design and validation of a custom-made system to measure transepithelial electrical impedance in human corneas preserved in active storage machine.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2024Article
- DZ2002 alleviates corneal angiogenesis and inflammation in rodent models of dry eye disease via regulating STAT3-PI3K-Akt-NF-κB pathway.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2024Article
- Postoperative dry eye following femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery: insights and preventive strategies.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- A Critical Appraisal of the Physicochemical Properties and Biological Effects of Artificial Tear Ingredients and Formulations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Topical Decorin Reduces Corneal Inflammation and Imparts Neuroprotection in a Mouse Model of Benzalkonium Chloride-induced Corneal Neuropathy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Benzalkonium chloride, a common ophthalmic preservative, compromises rat corneal cold sensitive nerve activity.The ocular surface · 2022Article
- Corneal Endothelial Cell Density in Normal Tension Glaucoma Compared to Healthy Controls.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Dynamic Contrast Microscopic Optical Coherence Tomography As a Novel Method for Assessing Corneal Epithelium During Exposure to Benzalkonium Chloride.Translational vision science & technology · 2022Article
- Clinical Outcomes in Maximum Tolerated Medical Therapy in Penetrating Keratoplasty for Bullous Keratopathy.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Effects of Sodium Hyaluronate Eye Drops With or Without Preservatives on Ocular Surface Bacterial Microbiota.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Experimental Models, Induction Protocols, and Measured Parameters in Dry Eye Disease: Focusing on Practical Implications for Experimental Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Impact of dorzolamide, benzalkonium-preserved dorzolamide and benzalkonium-preserved brinzolamide on selected biomarkers of oxidative stress in the tear film.BMC ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Categorization of Marketed Artificial Tear Formulations Based on Their Ingredients: A Rational Approach for Their Use.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- The Effect of Topical Cyclopentolate on Anterior Segment Parameters in Patients with KeratoconusTurkish journal of ophthalmology · 2020Article
- Chronic dry eye induced corneal hypersensitivity, neuroinflammatory responses, and synaptic plasticity in the mouse trigeminal brainstem.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is the most common preservative in ophthalmic preparations. Here, we investigated the corneal alternations in rabbits following exposure to BAC. Twenty-four adult male New Zealand albino rabbits were randomly divided into three groups. BAC at 0.01%, 0.05%, or 0.1% was applied twice daily to one eye each of rabbits for 4 days. The contralateral untreated eyes were used as control. Aqueous tear production and fluorescein staining scores of BAC-treated eyes were compared with those of controls. The structure of the central cornea was examined by in vivo confocal microscopy. Expression of mucin-5 subtype AC (MUC5AC) in conjunctiva was detected by immunostainig on cryosections. Corneal barrier function was assessed in terms of permeability to carboxy fluorescein (CF). The distribution and expression of ZO-1, a known marker of tight junction, and reorganization of the perijunctional actomyosin ring (PAMR) were examined by immunofluorescence analysis. Although there were no significant differences between control and BAC-treated eyes in Schirmer scores, corneal fluorescein scores and the number of conjunctival MUC5AC staining cells, in vivo confocal microscopy revealed significant epithelial and stromal defects in all BAC-treated corneas. Moreover, BAC at 0.1% resulted in significant increases in central corneal thickness and endothelial CF permeability, compared with those in control eyes, and endothelial cell damage with dislocation of ZO-1 and disruption of PAMR. Topical application of BAC can quickly impair the whole cornea without occurrence of dry eye. A high concentration of BAC breaks down the barrier integrity of corneal endothelium, concomitant with the disruption of PAMR and remodeling of apical junctional complex in vivo.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.