ArticlePloS one2011
Minor changes in the hemagglutinin of influenza A(H1N1)2009 virus alter its antigenic properties.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evolutionary trajectory and co-infection dynamics of human influenza A(H1N1) virus (2000-2025): an integrated framework informed by expert-informed bibliometrics.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of an amino acid deletion detected in the hemagglutinin (HA) antigenic site of swine influenza A virus field strains on HA antigenicity.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Exploring Potential Intermediates in the Cross-Species Transmission of Influenza A Virus to Humans.Viruses · 2024Review
- Epidemiological and genetic characterization of the influenza A (H1N1) virus in Hangzhou City in 2023.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Article
- 2019-2020 H1N1 clade A5a.1 viruses have better in vitro fitness compared with the co-circulating A5a.2 clade.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- 2019-20 H1N1 clade A5a.1 viruses have betterbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Dynamics of Human Influenza Type-A Viruses in Africa: A Systematic Review.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Genetic Analysis of Influenza A/H1N1pdm Strains Isolated in Bangladesh in Early 2020.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Genetic diversity of influenza A viruses circulating in Bulgaria during the 2018-2019 winter season.Journal of medical microbiology · 2020Article
- Antigenic characterization of novel H1 influenza A viruses in swine.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Interim estimates of 2018/19 vaccine effectiveness against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, Canada, January 2019.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2019Article
- Differences in the ease with which mutant viruses escape from human monoclonal antibodies against the HA stem of influenza A virus.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2018Article
- Differences in antigenic sites and other functional regions between genotype A and G mumps virus surface proteins.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Diversity of antigenic mutants of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus escaped from human monoclonal antibodies.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Association between Haemagglutination inhibiting antibodies and protection against clade 6B viruses in 2013 and 2015.Vaccine · 2017Article
- Comparison of the Protective Efficacy of Neutralizing Epitopes of 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Hemagglutinin.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- An in vivo system for directed experimental evolution of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus.PloS one · 2017Article
- Selection of antigenically advanced variants of seasonal influenza viruses.Nature microbiology · 2016Article
- Revealing the True Incidence of Pandemic A(H1N1)pdm09 Influenza in Finland during the First Two Seasons - An Analysis Based on a Dynamic Transmission Model.PLoS computational biology · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe influenza A(H1N1)2009 virus has been the dominant type of influenza A virus in Finland during the 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 epidemic seasons. We analyzed the antigenic characteristics of several influenza A(H1N1)2009 viruses isolated during the two influenza seasons by analyzing the amino acid sequences of the hemagglutinin (HA), modeling the amino acid changes in the HA structure and measuring antibody responses induced by natural infection or influenza vaccination. METHODS/
resultsBased on the HA sequences of influenza A(H1N1)2009 viruses we selected 13 different strains for antigenic characterization. The analysis included the vaccine virus, A/California/07/2009 and multiple California-like isolates from 2009-2010 and 2010-2011 epidemic seasons. These viruses had two to five amino acid changes in their HA1 molecule. The mutation(s) were located in antigenic sites Sa, Ca1, Ca2 and Cb region. Analysis of the antibody levels by hemagglutination inhibition test (HI) indicated that vaccinated individuals and people who had experienced a natural influenza A(H1N1)2009 virus infection showed good immune responses against the vaccine virus and most of the wild-type viruses. However, one to two amino acid changes in the antigenic site Sa dramatically affected the ability of antibodies to recognize these viruses. In contrast, the tested viruses were indistinguishable in regard to antibody recognition by the sera from elderly individuals who had been exposed to the Spanish influenza or its descendant viruses during the early 20(th) century.
conclusionsAccording to our results, one to two amino acid changes (N125D and/or N156K) in the major antigenic sites of the hemagglutinin of influenza A(H1N1)2009 virus may lead to significant reduction in the ability of patient and vaccine sera to recognize A(H1N1)2009 viruses.
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