ArticlePloS one2011
Entry pathways of herpes simplex virus type 1 into human keratinocytes are dynamin- and cholesterol-dependent.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- HSV-1 metabolic hijacking: Mechanisms to precision therapeutics.Virulence · 2026Review
- Susceptibility of human neural stem cells to SARS-CoV-2: Entry mechanisms and glycocalyx influence.PloS one · 2026Article
- Real-time visualization and modulation of endocytic dynamics in osteocytes in vivo.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Breaching the Barrier: Investigating Initial Herpes Simplex Viral Infection and Spread in Human Skin and Mucosa.Viruses · 2024Review
- Cholesterol Modulation Attenuates the AD-like Phenotype Induced by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection.Biomolecules · 2024Article
- Glycoengineered keratinocyte library reveals essential functions of specific glycans for all stages of HSV-1 infection.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Feline herpesvirus 1 (FHV-1) enters the cell by receptor-mediated endocytosis.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Infection of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells with Muromegalovirus muridbeta1 involves binding to neuropilin-1 and is dynamin-dependent.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Host Cell Neddylation Facilitates Alphaherpesvirus Entry in a Virus-Specific and Cell-Dependent Manner.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Article
- The Cholesterol Transport Inhibitor U18666A Interferes with Pseudorabies Virus Infection.Viruses · 2022Article
- Enterococcus faecalis alters endo-lysosomal trafficking to replicate and persist within mammalian cells.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Review
- Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 infects Langerhans cells and the novel epidermal dendritic cell, Epi-cDC2s, via different entry pathways.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Article
- Endocytic Internalization of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 in Human Keratinocytes at Low Temperature.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Entry of Alphaherpesviruses.Current issues in molecular biology · 2021Review
- Engagement of Neurotropic Viruses in Fast Axonal Transport: Mechanisms, Potential Role of Host Kinases and Implications for Neuronal Dysfunction.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Article
- Herpes Simplex Virus Entry by a Nonconventional Endocytic Pathway.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Attenuation of cGAS/STING activity during mitosis.Life science alliance · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) can enter cells via endocytic pathways or direct fusion at the plasma membrane depending on the cell line and receptor(s). Most studies into virus entry have used cultured fibroblasts but since keratinocytes represent the primary entry site for HSV-1 infection in its human host, we initiated studies to characterize the entry pathway of HSV-1 into human keratinocytes. Electron microscopy studies visualized free capsids in the cytoplasm and enveloped virus particles in vesicles suggesting viral uptake both by direct fusion at the plasma membrane and by endocytic vesicles. The ratio of the two entry modes differed in primary human keratinocytes and in the keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. Inhibitor studies further support a role for endocytosis during HSV-1 entry. Infection was inhibited by the cholesterol-sequestering drug methyl-β-cyclodextrin, which demonstrates the requirement for host cholesterol during virus entry. Since the dynamin-specific inhibitor dynasore and overexpression of a dominant-negative dynamin mutant blocked infection, we conclude that the entry pathways into keratinocytes are dynamin-mediated. Electron microscopy studies confirmed that virus uptake is completely blocked when the GTPase activity of dynamin is inhibited. Ex vivo infection of murine epidermis that was treated with dynasore further supports the essential role of dynamin during entry into the epithelium. Thus, we conclude that HSV-1 can enter human keratinocytes by alternative entry pathways that require dynamin and host cholesterol.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.