ArticlePloS one2011
Case-control study of vitamin D, dickkopf homolog 1 (DKK1) gene methylation, VDR gene polymorphism and the risk of colon adenoma in African Americans.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulating levels of vitamin D and colorectal adenoma: A case-control study and a meta-analysis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2015Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Article
- Colorectal Cancer Risk and Protective Factors Among People of African Descent: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cureus · 2025Review
- Associations between VDR gene polymorphisms and colorectal cancer susceptibility: an updated meta-analysis based on 39 case-control studies.Oncotarget · 2018Article
- Colorectal Cancer Disparity in African Americans: Risk Factors and Carcinogenic Mechanisms.The American journal of pathology · 2018Review
- Article
- Genetic Basis for Colorectal Cancer Disparities.Current colorectal cancer reports · 2015Article
- Epigenetics and Colorectal Neoplasia: the Evidence for Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior.Current colorectal cancer reports · 2015Article
- Association of Dietary Vitamin D and Calcium With Genetic Polymorphisms in Colorectal Neoplasia.Journal of cancer prevention · 2015Review
- BMI and the risk of colorectal adenoma in African-Americans.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2014Article
- Article
- Vitamin D Receptor Gene Expression and Function in a South African Population: Ethnicity, Vitamin D and FokI.PloS one · 2013Article
- Using components of the vitamin D pathway to prevent and treat colon cancer.Nutrition reviews · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere are sparse data on genetic, epigenetic and vitamin D exposure in African Americans (AA) with colon polyp. Consequently, we evaluated serum 25(OH) D levels, vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms and the methylation status of the tumor suppressor gene dickkopf homolog 1 (DKK1) as risk factors for colon polyp in this population.
methodsThe case-control study consisted of 93 patients with colon polyp (cases) and 187 healthy individuals (controls) at Howard University Hospital. Serum levels of 25(OH)D (including D3, D2, and total) were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. DNA analysis focused on 49 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the VDR gene. Promoter methylation analysis of DKK1 was also performed. The resulting data were processed in unadjusted and multivariable logistic regression analyses.
resultsCases and controls differed in vitamin D status (D(3)<50 nmol/L: Median of 35.5 in cases vs. 36.8 in controls nmol/L; P = 0.05). Low levels of 25(OH)D(3) (<50 nmol/L) were observed in 86% of cases and 68% of controls and it was associated with higher risks of colon polyp (odds ratio of 2.7, 95% confidence interval 1.3-3.4). The SNP analysis showed no association between 46 VDR polymorphisms and colon polyp. The promoter of the DKK1 gene was unmethylated in 96% of the samples.
conclusionWe found an inverse association between serum 25(OH)D(3) and colon polyp in AAs. VDR SNPs and DKK1 methylation were not associated with colon polyp. Vitamin D levels may in part explain the higher incidence of polyp in AAs.
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