ArticlePloS one2011
Murine gammaretrovirus group G3 was not found in Swedish patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia.
Article in PloS one, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retroviral Remnants in the Human Genome: Classification, Integration and Regulation.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2026Review
- Fake Science: XMRV, COVID-19, and the Toxic Legacy of Dr. Judy Mikovits.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2020Article
- Article
- Chronic viral infections in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).Journal of translational medicine · 2018Review
- Classification and characterization of human endogenous retroviruses; mosaic forms are common.Retrovirology · 2016Article
- The saga of XMRV: a virus that infects human cells but is not a human virus.Emerging microbes & infections · 2014Review
- Lack of evidence for retroviral infections formerly related to chronic fatigue in Spanish fibromyalgia patients.Virology journal · 2013Article
- Partial molecular cloning of the JHK retrovirus using gammaretrovirus consensus PCR primers.Future virology · 2013Article
- Identification of a group of Mus dunni endogenous virus-like endogenous retroviruses from the C57BL/6J mouse genome: proviral genomes, strain distribution, expression characteristics, and genomic integration profile.Chromosome research : an international journal on the molecular, supramolecular and evolutionary aspects of chromosome biology · 2012Article
- No evidence for xenotropic murine leukemia-related virus infection in Sweden using internally controlled multiepitope suspension array serology.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2012Article
- Sensitivity of PCR assays for murine gammaretroviruses and mouse contamination in human blood samples.PloS one · 2012Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe recent report of gammaretroviruses of probable murine origin in humans, called xenotropic murine retrovirus related virus (XMRV) and human murine leukemia virus related virus (HMRV), necessitated a bioinformatic search for this virus in genomes of the mouse and other vertebrates, and by PCR in humans.
resultsThree major groups of murine endogenous gammaretroviruses were identified. The third group encompassed both exogenous and endogenous Murine Leukemia Viruses (MLVs), and most XMRV/HMRV sequences reported from patients suffering from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Two sensitive real-time PCRs for this group were developed. The predicted and observed amplification range for these and three published XMRV/HMRV PCRs demonstrated conspicuous differences between some of them, partly explainable by a recombinatorial origin of XMRV. Three reverse transcription real-time PCRs (RTQPCRs), directed against conserved and not overlapping stretches of env, gag and integrase (INT) sequences of XMRV/HMRV were used on human samples. White blood cells from 78 patients suffering from ME/CFS, of which 30 patients also fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia (ME/CFS/FM) and in 7 patients with fibromyalgia (FM) only, all from the Gothenburg area of Sweden. As controls we analyzed 168 sera from Uppsala blood donors. We controlled for presence and amplifiability of nucleic acid and for mouse DNA contamination. To score as positive, a sample had to react with several of the XMRV/HMRV PCRs. None of the samples gave PCR reactions which fulfilled the positivity criteria.
conclusionsXMRV/HMRV like proviruses occur in the third murine gammaretrovirus group, characterized here. PCRs developed by us, and others, approximately cover this group, except for the INT RTQPCR, which is rather strictly XMRV specific. Using such PCRs, XMRV/HMRV could not be detected in PBMC and plasma samples from Swedish patients suffering from ME/CFS/FM, and in sera from Swedish blood donors.
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