ArticlePLoS medicine2011
Mortality and hospital stay associated with resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteremia: estimating the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe.
Article in PLoS medicine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03795090 (A Multi-level Antimicrobial Surface Coating for a Healthier Environment), which is not on this map. Cited by 248 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Multi-level Antimicrobial Surface Coating for a Healthier Environment
Who cites it
248 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 597 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Economics of Antibiotic Resistance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Based on Global Research.Applied health economics and health policy · 2026Pooled it
- Global research trends in bacteriophage and gut microbiota: a bibliometric and visual analysis from 2012 to 2025.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Pharmacist-Led Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Sub-Saharan Africa.International journal of clinical practice · 2022Pooled it
- Barriers and Facilitators to Implementation of Antibiotic Stewardship Programmes in Hospitals in Developed Countries: Insights From Transnational Studies.Frontiers in sociology · 2020Pooled it
- Comparison of different approaches to antibiotic restriction in food-producing animals: stratified results from a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2019Pooled it
- Economic burden of antibiotic resistance in ESKAPE organisms: a systematic review.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2019Pooled it
- Implications of Antibiotic Resistance for Patients' Recovery From Common Infections in the Community: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Pooled it
- Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- A Randomized Trial to Assess the Impact of a Package of Diagnostic Tools and Diagnostic Algorithm on Antibiotic Prescriptions for the Management of Febrile Illnesses Among Children and Adolescents in Primary Health Facilities in Burkina Faso.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Trial
- Perceptions and Practices of Community Pharmacists towards Antimicrobial Stewardship in the State of Selangor, Malaysia.PloS one · 2016Trial
- Impact of same-day antibiotic susceptibility testing on time to appropriate antibiotic treatment of patients with bacteraemia: a randomised controlled trial.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2015Trial
- Performance of the Qvella FAST system with downstream application of MALDI-TOF-MS, VITEK 2, and β-LACTA test for same-day identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Gram-negative rods directly from positive blood cultures.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- High Antimicrobial Consumption, Low Reported Infection Rates: An Ecological Analysis of HAI Surveillance Discordance Across EU/EEA Countries.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Population-Level Uncoupling of Antimicrobial Usage and Resistance in Community-OnsetPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Prevalence and molecular characterization of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales in clinical samples from the Boucle du Mouhoun region in Burkina Faso.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Development of the antimicrobial resistance burden score through a modified eDelphi.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2026Article
- Cryptic phenotypic variation emerges rapidly during the adaptive evolution of a carbapenemase.Nature ecology & evolution · 2026Article
- Attributable societal cost of antimicrobial resistance in Ghana: a microsimulation study focusing on sociodemographic groups.BMJ open · 2026Article
- The Potential Role of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Safe and Effective Anti-Infective Therapy with Manipulated Dosage Forms.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Isolation and Characterization of Four New Coliphages against Extra Intestinal PathogenicACS omega · 2025Article
188 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe relative importance of human diseases is conventionally assessed by cause-specific mortality, morbidity, and economic impact. Current estimates for infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria are not sufficiently supported by quantitative empirical data. This study determined the excess number of deaths, bed-days, and hospital costs associated with blood stream infections (BSIs) caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli (G3CREC) in 31 countries that participated in the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (EARSS). METHODS AND
findingsThe number of BSIs caused by MRSA and G3CREC was extrapolated from EARSS prevalence data and national health care statistics. Prospective cohort studies, carried out in hospitals participating in EARSS in 2007, provided the parameters for estimating the excess 30-d mortality and hospital stay associated with BSIs caused by either MRSA or G3CREC. Hospital expenditure was derived from a publicly available cost model. Trends established by EARSS were used to determine the trajectories for MRSA and G3CREC prevalence until 2015. In 2007, 27,711 episodes of MRSA BSIs were associated with 5,503 excess deaths and 255,683 excess hospital days in the participating countries, whereas 15,183 episodes of G3CREC BSIs were associated with 2,712 excess deaths and 120,065 extra hospital days. The total costs attributable to excess hospital stays for MRSA and G3CREC BSIs were 44.0 and 18.1 million Euros (63.1 and 29.7 million international dollars), respectively. Based on prevailing trends, the number of BSIs caused by G3CREC is likely to rapidly increase, outnumbering the number of MRSA BSIs in the near future.
conclusionsExcess mortality associated with BSIs caused by MRSA and G3CREC is significant, and the prolongation of hospital stay imposes a considerable burden on health care systems. A foreseeable shift in the burden of antibiotic resistance from Gram-positive to Gram-negative infections will exacerbate this situation and is reason for concern.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.