ReviewSpine2011
The role of tissue damage in whiplash-associated disorders: discussion paper 1.
Review in Spine, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03949959 (Effectiveness of Conservative Multimodal Physiotherapy in Chronic Whiplash-associated Disorders With Facet-mediated Pain Undergoing Platelet Rich Plasma), which is not on this map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effectiveness of Conservative Multimodal Physiotherapy in Chronic Whiplash-associated Disorders With Facet-mediated Pain Undergoing Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Treatment: a Series of Single Case Experimental Designs (SCEDs).
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Nerve pathology and neuropathic pain after whiplash injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pain · 2022Pooled it
- Eye movements in patients with Whiplash Associated Disorders: a systematic review.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2016Pooled it
- What are people's perspectives on different labels for neck pain after a motor vehicle crash? A content analysis of randomized study data.Musculoskeletal science & practice · 2025Trial
- The influence of cervical movement on eye stabilization reflexes: a randomized trial.Experimental brain research · 2018Trial
- Subfailure capsule strain as the cause of cervical zygapophysial joint pain after whiplash: a scoping review.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Association Between Diagnostic Imaging, Medication Intake, and Health Outcomes in Chronic Whiplash-Associated Disorders: An Observational Study.Physiotherapy Canada. Physiotherapie Canada · 2026Article
- Improvement in Cervical Spinal Alignment and Posture May Redefine Recovery Pathways for Motor Vehicle Collision Whiplash Injury: A Multicenter Retrospective Consecutive Case Series.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Effect of Neck-Specific Exercise with or Without a Behavioral Approach in Chronic Whiplash-Associated Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Muscles (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- In Vivo Pressure Responses of the Cervical Cerebrospinal Fluid in a Porcine Model of Extension and Flexion Whiplash Exposures.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- Respiratory dysfunction in whiplash associated disorders (WAD) with cervical plexus syndrome - A case report.Surgery in practice and science · 2025Article
- A Pilot Study on the Age-Dependent, Biomechanical Properties of Longitudinal Ligaments in the Human Cervical Spine.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Abnormal Static Sagittal Cervical Curvatures following Motor Vehicle Collisions: A Retrospective Case Series of 41 Patients before and after a Crash Exposure.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Exploratory Study of Associations and Agreement between Prognostic Patient-Registered Factors, Physiotherapists' Intuitive Synthesis, and Patient-Reported Factors in Whiplash-Associated Disorders.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- A clinical test to assess isometric cervical strength in chronic whiplash associated disorder (WAD): a reliability study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Article
- Cervical facet joint platelet-rich plasma in people with chronic whiplash-associated disorders: A prospective case series of short-term outcomes.Interventional pain medicine · 2022Article
- Cranio-Mandibular Disorders after Whiplash Injury: A Mono-Institutional Clinical Study on 31 Patients.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Advanced magnetic resonance imaging of chronic whiplash patients: a clinical practice-based feasibility study.Chiropractic & manual therapies · 2022Article
- MRI-Based Assessment of Masticatory Muscle Changes in TMD Patients after Whiplash Injury.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Sex, Age and Stature Affects Neck Biomechanical Responses in Frontal and Rear Impacts Assessed Using Finite Element Head and Neck Models.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
designNonsystematic review of cervical spine lesions in whiplash-associated disorders (WAD).
objectiveTo describe whiplash injury models in terms of basic and clinical science, to summarize what can and cannot be explained by injury models, and to highlight future research areas to better understand the role of tissue damage in WAD. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The frequent lack of detectable tissue damage has raised questions about whether tissue damage is necessary for WAD and what role it plays in the clinical context of WAD.
methodsNonsystematic review.
resultsLesions of various tissues have been documented by numerous investigations conducted in animals, cadavers, healthy volunteers, and patients. Most lesions are undetected by imaging techniques. For zygapophysial (facet) joints, lesions have been predicted by bioengineering studies and validated through animal studies; for zygapophysial joint pain, a valid diagnostic test and a proven treatment are available. Lesions of dorsal root ganglia, discs, ligaments, muscles, and vertebral artery have been documented in biomechanical and autopsy studies, but no valid diagnostic test is available to assess their clinical relevance. The proportion of WAD patients in whom a persistent lesion is the major determinant of ongoing symptoms is unknown. Psychosocial factors, stress reactions, and generalized hyperalgesia have also been shown to predict WAD outcomes.
conclusionThere is evidence supporting a lesion-based model in WAD. Lack of macroscopically identifiable tissue damage does not rule out the presence of painful lesions. The best available evidence concerns zygapophysial joint pain. The clinical relevance of other lesions needs to be addressed by future research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.