ArticleJournal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi2011
Preventable lifestyle risk factors for non-communicable diseases in the Pakistan Adolescents Schools Study 1 (PASS-1).
Article in Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and trends of hypertension among South Asian adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of human hypertension · 2026Pooled it
- The Risk Factors of Child Lead Poisoning in China: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016Pooled it
- Relationship between ego depletion and health promotion behaviors in older adults with diabetes: A cross-sectional study in Shanghai, China.Global health & medicine · 2025Article
- The relationship between food habits and physical activity and the IQ of primary school children.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024Article
- School Health Education Program in Pakistan (SHEPP): findings from a feasibility trial in pre-adolescent school children from a lower middle-income country.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2023Article
- Challenges of managing hypertension in Pakistan - a review.Clinical hypertension · 2023Review
- Article
- Batroxobin inhibits astrocyte activation following nigrostriatal pathway injury.Neural regeneration research · 2021Article
- Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors Among Adolescent Boys and Girls in Bangladesh: Evidence From a National Survey.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2020Article
- School health education program in Pakistan (SHEPP)-a threefold health education feasibility trial in schoolchildren from a lower-middle-income country.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2020Article
- The Relationship between Health Literacy and Health Promoting Behaviors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.International journal of community based nursing and midwifery · 2018Article
- Health Promoting Lifestyle and its Determinants Among University Students in Sabzevar, Iran.International journal of preventive medicine · 2016Article
- An overview of smoking practices in Pakistan.Pakistan journal of medical sciencesReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe rising burden of preventable risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among adolescents is a major public health challenge worldwide. We identified the preventable risk factors for NCDs in adolescents.
methodsIn a school-based study, pre-tested structured questionnaires were completed by 414 adolescents (14 to 17 years) at six schools in three cities in Pakistan. The chi-squared test and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated in a multinomial logistic regression analysis.
resultsOver 80% of the adolescents had unhealthy diets, and 54% were physically inactive. Most adolescents were exposed to passive smoking, and 14% were also current smokers. More than one-third of participants chewed betel nut, and one-quarter used oral tobacco. More girls were physically inactive (OR, 4.07; 95% CI, 2.69 to 6.17), whereas a greater proportion of boys were current smokers (OR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.19 to 3.91), exposed to passive smoking (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.72 to 3.83), and using betel nut (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.34 to 3.06). Only 3.1% of the participants were without any preventable lifestyle risk factor for NCDs, and over 80% had ≥2 factors. Co-existence of risk factors was independently associated with fathers being blue-collar workers (aOR, 3.57; 95% CI, 1.07 to 11.92) and parents not treating their child fairly (aOR, 5.05; 95% CI, 1.29 to 19.78).
conclusionsMost of the adolescents studied had preventable risk factors for NCDs. These results warrant comprehensive and integrated interventions to prevent lifestyle risk factors, and parents are front-line stakeholders.
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