ArticleMolecular cell2011
Granzyme B-dependent proteolysis acts as a switch to enhance the proinflammatory activity of IL-1α.
Article in Molecular cell, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 154 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
154 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 279 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interleukin-1 and Transforming Growth Factor Beta: Commonly Opposing, but Sometimes Supporting, Master Regulators of the Corneal Wound Healing Response to Injury.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Pooled it
- Influenza vaccine-mediated protection in older adults: Impact of influenza infection, cytomegalovirus serostatus and vaccine dosage.Experimental gerontology · 2018Trial
- Tissue Levels of MMP-9 and Granzyme B in Patients With Bullous Pemphigoid: A Case-Control Study.International journal of dermatology · 2026Article
- Advances in targeting IL-1 family cytokines for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Cytotoxic CD4 T Cells: Dual Agents in HIV-1 Pathogenesis and Persistence.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- The N-terminal domain of precursor IL-1α enhances IL-6 expression via an intracrine mechanism in oral squamous cell carcinoma.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Life-threatening risk factors contribute to the development of diseases with the highest mortality through the induction of regulated necrotic cell death.Cell death & disease · 2025Review
- Association Between Plasma Granzyme B Levels, Organ Failure, and 28-Day Mortality Prediction in Patients with Sepsis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Full-length and N-terminally truncated recombinant interleukin-38 variants are similarly inefficient in antagonizing interleukin-36 and interleukin-1 receptors.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Short-chain fatty acids: key antiviral mediators of gut microbiota.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Endogenous SLPI contributes to the regulation of inflammatory responses in peritoneal macrophages by modulating MMP-9 production.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Evidence from a Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis Point to Possible Therapeutic Targets for Vitiligo.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2025Article
- Interleukin-1α release during necrotic-like cell death generates myeloid-driven immunosuppression that restricts anti-tumor immunity.Cancer cell · 2024Article
- Characterization of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and their spatial distribution in triple-negative breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2024Article
- Article
- The role of interleukin-10 receptor alpha (IL10Rα) in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection of a mammary epithelial cell line.BMC genomic data · 2024Article
- Granzyme serine proteases in inflammation and rheumatic diseases.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2024Review
- Extramedullary hematopoiesis in cancer.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Novel Perspectives in Chronic Kidney Disease-Specific Cardiovascular Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Harnessing Pyroptosis for Cancer Immunotherapy.Cells · 2024Review
94 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Granzyme B is a cytotoxic lymphocyte-derived protease that plays a central role in promoting apoptosis of virus-infected target cells, through direct proteolysis and activation of constituents of the cell death machinery. However, previous studies have also implicated granzymes A and B in the production of proinflammatory cytokines, via a mechanism that remains undefined. Here we show that IL-1α is a substrate for granzyme B and that proteolysis potently enhanced the biological activity of this cytokine in vitro as well as in vivo. Consistent with this, compared with full-length IL-1α, granzyme B-processed IL-1α exhibited more potent activity as an immunoadjuvant in vivo. Furthermore, proteolysis of IL-1α within the same region, by proteases such as calpain and elastase, was also found to enhance its biological potency. Thus, IL-1α processing by multiple immune-related proteases, including granzyme B, acts as a switch to enhance the proinflammatory properties of this cytokine.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.