ArticleMobile genetic elements2011
Pack-MULEs: Recycling and reshaping genes through GC-biased acquisition.
Article in Mobile genetic elements, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rapid GC content evolution in rice through GC-biased gene conversion and selection for translation efficiency.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Comparative genome-wide analysis of WRKY, MADS-box and MYB transcription factor families in Arabidopsis and rice.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- In silico analysis of promoter region and regulatory elements of glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase encoding genes in Solanum tuberosum: cultivar DM 1-3 516 R44.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2021Article
- Nucleotide composition of transposable elements likely contributes to AT/GC compositional homogeneity of teleost fish genomes.Mobile DNA · 2019Article
- Evidence-based gene models for structural and functional annotations of the oil palm genome.Biology direct · 2017Article
- In-silico analysis of cis-acting regulatory elements of pathogenesis-related proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa.PloS one · 2017Article
- Mutator-like elements with multiple long terminal inverted repeats in plants.Comparative and functional genomics · 2012Article
- Phylogenomic study of lipid genes involved in microalgal biofuel production-candidate gene mining and metabolic pathway analyses.Evolutionary bioinformatics online · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The availability of genomic sequences provided new opportunities to decipher how plant genomes evolve. One recent discovery about plant genomes is the abundance of Pack-MULEs, a special group of transposable elements that duplicate, amplify and recombine gene fragments in many species at a very large scale. Despite the widespread occurrence of Pack-MULEs, their function remains an enigma. Our analysis using maize, rice and Arabidopsis genomic sequences indicates that the acquisition of genic sequences by Pack-MULEs is not random. Pack-MULEs in grasses specifically acquire and amplify GC-rich gene fragments. The resulting GC-rich elements have the ability to form independent transcripts with negative GC gradient, which refers to the decline of GC content along the orientation of transcription of genes. In other cases, Pack-MULEs insert near the 5' region of "normal" genes, and consequently form additional 5' exons or replace the original 5' exon of genes. In this manner, Pack-MULEs raise the GC content of the 5' termini of genes, modify the gene structure and contribute to the increased number of genes with negative GC gradient in grasses. The possible consequence of such activity is discussed.
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Registered trials
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