ArticleObstetrics and gynecology2011
Determinants of maternal sex steroids during the first half of pregnancy.
Article in Obstetrics and gynecology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 71 papers.
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Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of the GnRH agonist leuprorelin on liver volume in premenopausal women with severe polycystic liver disease.Hepatology communications · 2026Trial
- Smoking, 17 Alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate, and Preterm Birth.American journal of perinatology · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Steroid hormones in early pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes: a Chinese birth cohort.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Mapping of Determinants of Urinary Sex Steroid Metabolites During Late Pregnancy: Results from Two Spanish Cohorts.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The Relationship of Estrogen Changes With Sinonasal Symptoms and Disease in Women: A Scoping Review.The Laryngoscope · 2025Article
- Male newborn as a determinant of severe preeclampsia: a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Assessing Gestation and Fetal Sex in Wild Assamese Macaques Using Urinary Estrogen Analysis.American journal of primatology · 2025Article
- Impact of relative estradiol changes during ovarian stimulation on blastocyst formation and live birth in assisted reproductive technology.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Maternal organophosphate esters and sex steroid hormones in mid-pregnancy.Environmental research · 2025Article
- The Estrogen-Autophagy Axis: Insights into Cytoprotection and Therapeutic Potential in Cancer and Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Predicting Prenatal Depression and Assessing Model Bias Using Machine Learning Models.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2024Article
- Early-pregnancy sex steroid and thyroid function hormones, thyroid autoimmunity, and maternal papillary thyroid cancer incidence in the Finnish Maternity Cohort.International journal of cancer · 2024Article
- Prenatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and maternal oxidative stress: Evidence from the LIFECODES study.Chemosphere · 2024Article
- The influence of fetal sex on antenatal maternal glucose and insulin dynamics.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2024Review
- Associations of urinary non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemical biomarkers with early-to-mid pregnancy plasma sex-steroid and thyroid hormones.Environment international · 2024Article
- Estradiol and progesterone from pregnancy to postpartum: a longitudinal latent class analysis.Frontiers in global women's health · 2024Article
- Fetal sex and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus in gravidae with multiple gestation pregnancies.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2023Article
- The pathophysiological role of estrogens in the initial stages of pregnancy: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications for pregnancy outcome from the periconceptional period to end of the first trimester.Human reproduction update · 2023Review
- Associations between neighborhood stress and maternal sex steroid hormones in pregnancy.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2023Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the associations of maternal and child characteristics with early pregnancy maternal concentrations of testosterone, androstenedione, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and estradiol (E2).
methodsWe analyzed these hormones among 1,343 women with singleton pregnancies who donated serum samples to the Finnish Maternity Cohort from 1986 to 2006 during the first half of pregnancy (median 11 weeks). The associations of maternal and child characteristics with hormone concentrations were investigated by correlation and multivariable regression.
resultsWomen older than age 30 years had lower androgen and E2 but higher progesterone concentrations than women younger than that age. Multiparous women had 14% lower testosterone, 11% lower androstenedione and 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 9% lower progesterone, and 16% lower E2 concentrations compared with nulliparous women (all P<.05). Smoking mothers had 11%, 18%, and 8% higher testosterone, androstenedione, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels, respectively, but 10% lower progesterone compared with nonsmoking women (all P<.05). E2 concentrations were 9% higher (P<.05) among women with a female fetus compared with those with a male fetus.
conclusionParity, smoking, and, to a lesser extent, maternal age and child sex are associated with sex steroid levels during the first half of a singleton pregnancy. The effects of smoking on the maternal hormonal environment and the possible long-term deleterious consequences on the fetus deserve further evaluation.
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