ReviewActa tropica2012
Progress towards understanding the ecology and epidemiology of malaria in the western Kenya highlands: opportunities and challenges for control under climate change risk.
Review in Acta tropica, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Human and vector behavioural determinants of malaria transmission in the Nandi highlands, western Kenya.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Habitat Diversity, Stability, and Productivity of Malaria Vectors in Irrigated and Nonirrigated Ecosystems in Western Kenya.Journal of medical entomology · 2023Article
- Self-Reported Symptoms at Last Febrile Illness as a Predictor of Treatment-Seeking in Western Kenya: A Cross-Sectional Study.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- Forecasting the Potential Effects of Climate Change on Malaria in the Lake Victoria Basin Using Regionalized Climate Projections.Acta parasitologica · 2022Article
- High prevalence of asymptomaticCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2022Article
- Uganda Mountain Community Health System-Perspectives and Capacities towards Emerging Infectious Disease Surveillance.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Insecticide resistance status of indoor and outdoor resting malaria vectors in a highland and lowland site in Western Kenya.PloS one · 2021Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Malaria among Children Aged Six Months to 14 Years Old in Rwanda: Evidence from 2017 Rwanda Malaria Indicator Survey.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Risk factors for Plasmodium falciparum infection in the Kenyan Highlands: a cohort study.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2019Article
- Efficacy and persistence of long-lasting microbial larvicides against malaria vectors in western Kenya highlands.Parasites & vectors · 2018Article
- Indoor and outdoor malaria vector surveillance in western Kenya: implications for better understanding of residual transmission.Malaria journal · 2017Article
- An integrated risk and vulnerability assessment framework for climate change and malaria transmission in East Africa.Malaria journal · 2016Article
- Severe Flooding and Malaria Transmission in the Western Ugandan Highlands: Implications for Disease Control in an Era of Global Climate Change.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Impact of Highland Topography Changes on Exposure to Malaria Vectors and Immunity in Western Kenya.Frontiers in public health · 2016Article
- Use of different transmission metrics to describe malaria epidemiology in the highlands of western Kenya.Malaria journal · 2015Article
- 'A bite before bed': exposure to malaria vectors outside the times of net use in the highlands of western Kenya.Malaria journal · 2015Article
- Surveillance of malaria vector population density and biting behaviour in western Kenya.Malaria journal · 2015Article
- Dengue transmission based on urban environmental gradients in different cities of Pakistan.International journal of biometeorology · 2015Article
- Assessing the social vulnerability to malaria in Rwanda.Malaria journal · 2015Article
- Clinical malaria case definition and malaria attributable fraction in the highlands of western Kenya.Malaria journal · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Following severe malaria epidemics in the western Kenya highlands after the late 1980s it became imperative to undertake eco-epidemiological assessments of the disease and determine its drivers, spatial-temporal distribution and control strategies. Extensive research has indicated that the major biophysical drivers of the disease are climate change and variability, terrain, topography, hydrology and immunity. Vector distribution is focalized at valley bottoms and abundance is closely related with drainage efficiency, habitat availability, stability and productivity of the ecosystems. Early epidemic prediction models have been developed and they can be used to assess climate risks that warrant extra interventions with a lead time of 2-4 months. Targeted integrated vector management strategies can significantly reduce the cost on the indoor residual spraying by targeting the foci of transmission in transmission hotspots. Malaria control in the highlands has reduced vector population by 90%, infections by 50-90% in humans and in some cases transmission has been interrupted. Insecticide resistance is increasing and as transmission decreases so will immunity. Active surveillance will be required to monitor and contain emerging threats. More studies on eco-stratification of the disease, based on its major drivers, are required so that interventions are tailored for specific ecosystems. New and innovative control interventions such as house modification with a one-application strategy may reduce the threat from insecticide resistance and low compliance associated with the use of ITNs.
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