Trial reportDiabetes care2011
Safety and efficacy of 24-h closed-loop insulin delivery in well-controlled pregnant women with type 1 diabetes: a randomized crossover case series.
Trial report in Diabetes care, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 50 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 117 citations in OpenAlex.
- Automated insulin delivery in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta diabetologica · 2025Pooled it
- Automated insulin delivery in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta diabetologica · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of automated insulin delivery in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials.Acta diabetologica · 2024Pooled it
- A core outcome set for the treatment of pregnant women with pregestational diabetes: an international consensus study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2021Pooled it
- Different insulin types and regimens for pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections of insulin for pregnant women with diabetes.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Safety, efficacy and glucose turnover of reduced prandial boluses during closed-loop therapy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2015Trial
- Modelling endogenous insulin concentration in type 2 diabetes during closed-loop insulin delivery.Biomedical engineering online · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Overnight glucose control with an automated, unified safety system in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes at diabetes camp.Diabetes care · 2014Trial
- Outpatient glycemic control with a bionic pancreas in type 1 diabetes.The New England journal of medicine · 2014Trial
- Autonomous and continuous adaptation of a bihormonal bionic pancreas in adults and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2014Trial
- Overnight closed-loop insulin delivery in young people with type 1 diabetes: a free-living, randomized clinical trial.Diabetes care · 2014Trial
- Closed-loop basal insulin delivery over 36 hours in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: randomized clinical trial.Diabetes care · 2013Trial
- Optimizing diabetes care in pregnancy: A systematic review of glycemic targets, treatment initiation, and glucose-lowering pharmacological management for T1DM, T2DM, and GDM.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Inter-Regional Center for Automated Insulin in Diabetes (CIRDIA) and Hospital-Based Approaches to Closed-Loop Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.JMIR diabetes · 2026Article
- Real-world use of non-pregnancy-specific automated insulin delivery systems during gestation and delivery: a case series.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- The 'Designer' Artificial Pancreas: How Does Current Technology Mimic Pancreatic Physiology?Cureus · 2025Review
- Automated Insulin Delivery for Pregnant Women With Type 1 Diabetes: Where Do We Stand?Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2024Review
- Use of Automated Insulin Delivery in Pregnancies Complicated by Type 1 Diabetes.TouchREVIEWS in endocrinology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of closed-loop insulin delivery in well-controlled pregnant women with type 1 diabetes treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsA total of 12 women with type 1 diabetes (aged 32.9 years, diabetes duration 17.6 years, BMI 27.1 kg/m(2), and HbA(1c) 6.4%) were randomly allocated to closed-loop or conventional CSII. They performed normal daily activities (standardized meals, snacks, and exercise) for 24 h on two occasions at 19 and 23 weeks' gestation. Plasma glucose time in target (63-140 mg/dL) and time spent hypoglycemic were calculated.
resultsPlasma glucose time in target was comparable for closed-loop and conventional CSII (median [interquartile range]: 81 [59-87] vs. 81% [54-90]; P = 0.75). Less time was spent hypoglycemic (<45 mg/dL [0.0 vs. 0.3%]; P = 0.04), with a lower low blood glucose index (2.4 [0.9-3.5] vs. 3.3 [1.9-5.1]; P = 0.03), during closed-loop insulin delivery.
conclusionsClosed-loop insulin delivery was as effective as conventional CSII, with less time spent in extreme hypoglycemia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.