Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22011113›Full record

ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2012

Alcohol brand appearances in US popular music.

Brian A Primack, Erin Nuzzo, Kristen R Rice, James D Sargent

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  9. Article
  10. Portrayal of alcohol intoxication on YouTube.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2015
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Alcohol marketing and underage drinking: time to get real.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2014
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
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  18. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Brian A PrimackDepartment of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. bprimack@pitt.edu
Erin Nuzzo
Kristen R Rice
James D Sargent

Funding

Media Literacy to Prevent Adolescent Smoking InitiationK07CA114315 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI PRIMACK, BRIAN A. · 2006 to 2010
$766k
NCI NIH HHS K07 CA114315NCI NIH HHS K07-CA114315
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimsThe average US adolescent is exposed to 34 references to alcohol in popular music daily. Although brand recognition is an independent, potent risk factor for alcohol outcomes among adolescents, alcohol brand appearances in popular music have not been assessed systematically. We aimed to determine the prevalence of and contextual elements associated with alcohol brand appearances in US popular music.

designQualitative content analysis.

settingWe used Billboard Magazine to identify songs to which US adolescents were most exposed in 2005-07. For each of the 793 songs, two trained coders analyzed independently the lyrics of each song for references to alcohol and alcohol brand appearances. Subsequent in-depth assessments utilized Atlas.ti to determine contextual factors associated with each of the alcohol brand appearances. MEASUREMENTS: Our final code book contained 27 relevant codes representing six categories: alcohol types, consequences, emotional states, activities, status and objects.

findingsAverage inter-rater reliability was high (κ = 0.80), and all differences were easily adjudicated. Of the 793 songs in our sample, 169 (21.3%) referred explicitly to alcohol, and of those, 41 (24.3%) contained an alcohol brand appearance. Consequences associated with alcohol were more often positive than negative (41.5% versus 17.1%, P < 0.001). Alcohol brand appearances were associated commonly with wealth (63.4%), sex (58.5%), luxury objects (51.2%), partying (48.8%), other drugs (43.9%) and vehicles (39.0%).

conclusionsOne in five songs sampled from US popular music had explicit references to alcohol, and one-quarter of these mentioned a specific alcohol brand. These alcohol brand appearances are associated commonly with a luxury life-style characterized by wealth, sex, partying and other drugs.

Indexed as

AdolescentAlcohol DrinkingAlcoholic BeveragesEmotionsHumansMarketingMusicObject AttachmentObserver VariationSexual BehaviorSocial ClassSubstance-Related DisordersUnited States

Identifiers

PMID22011113
PMCPMC3273659

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.