Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22009792›Full record

ArticleGenetic epidemiology2011

Entropy-based information gain approaches to detect and to characterize gene-gene and gene-environment interactions/correlations of complex diseases.

R Fan, M Zhong, S Wang, Y Zhang, A Andrew, M Karagas, H Chen, C I Amos, M Xiong, J H Moore

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genetic epidemiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Association between NQO1 C609T polymorphism and bladder cancer susceptibility: a systemic review and meta-analysis.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2013
    Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. High-Dimensional Gene-Environment Interaction Analysis.Annual review of statistics and its application · 2025
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Unified model-free interaction screening via CV-entropy filter.Computational statistics & data analysis · 2023
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

R FanDepartment of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA. rfan@stat.tamu.edu
M Zhong
S Wang
Y Zhang
A Andrew
M Karagas
H Chen
C I Amos
M Xiong
J H Moore

Funding

Translational Engineering in Cancer (TEC)P30CA023108 · NCI · DARTMOUTH COLLEGE · PI Steven D Leach · 1985 to 2026
$91.3M
NONMELANOMA SKIN CANCER IN NEW HAMPSHIRER01CA057494 · NCI · DARTMOUTH COLLEGE · PI KARAGAS, MARGARET RITA · 1993 to 2015
$10.9M
Machine Learning Prediction of Cancer SusceptibilityR01LM009012 · NLM · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI MOORE, JASON H. · 2006 to 2014
$3.3M
Statistical Methods for Finding Missing HeritabilityR01HL106034 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI XIONG, MOMIAO · 2011 to 2014
$1.5M
Unified Statistical Methods for Sequence-Based Association StudiesR01GM104411 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI XIONG, MOMIAO · 2013 to 2016
$1.3M
Statistical Methods for Gene Environment Interactions In Lung CancerR01CA133996 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF TX MD ANDERSON CAN CTR · PI AMOS, CHRISTOPHER I. · 2007 to 2009
$790k
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA023108NCI NIH HHS R01 CA057494NCI NIH HHS R01 CA133996NCI NIH HHS R01-CA133996NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL106034NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM104411NLM NIH HHS LM009012NLM NIH HHS R01 LM009012
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

For complex diseases, the relationship between genotypes, environment factors, and phenotype is usually complex and nonlinear. Our understanding of the genetic architecture of diseases has considerably increased over the last years. However, both conceptually and methodologically, detecting gene-gene and gene-environment interactions remains a challenge, despite the existence of a number of efficient methods. One method that offers great promises but has not yet been widely applied to genomic data is the entropy-based approach of information theory. In this article, we first develop entropy-based test statistics to identify two-way and higher order gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. We then apply these methods to a bladder cancer data set and thereby test their power and identify strengths and weaknesses. For two-way interactions, we propose an information gain (IG) approach based on mutual information. For three-ways and higher order interactions, an interaction IG approach is used. In both cases, we develop one-dimensional test statistics to analyze sparse data. Compared to the naive chi-square test, the test statistics we develop have similar or higher power and is robust. Applying it to the bladder cancer data set allowed to investigate the complex interactions between DNA repair gene single nucleotide polymorphisms, smoking status, and bladder cancer susceptibility. Although not yet widely applied, entropy-based approaches appear as a useful tool for detecting gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. The test statistics we develop add to a growing body methodologies that will gradually shed light on the complex architecture of common diseases.

Indexed as

Gene-Environment InteractionGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseModels, GeneticModels, StatisticalDNA RepairEntropyGenotypeHumansPolymorphism, Single NucleotideSmokingUrinary Bladder Neoplasms

Identifiers

PMID22009792
PMCPMC3384547

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.