ArticleJournal of nucleic acids2011
tRNA Modification and Genetic Code Variations in Animal Mitochondria.
Article in Journal of nucleic acids, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Resurrecting tRNAs of the Last Universal Common Ancestor (Commonote) Toward Rebuilding the Ancient Translation System.Journal of molecular evolution · 2026Article
- Insights Into Tribal-Level Adaptive Evolution and Phylogeny in Soricinae From Mitogenome of the Chinese EndemicEcology and evolution · 2026Article
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- One-Step and Universal Strategy for the Synthesis of Hypermodified Uracil Phosphoramidites acpChemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- The Role of Chemistry Across Disciplines From Humanities to Life Sciences in Understanding Complexity and Emergence.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026Review
- Pervasive Mitochondrial tRNA Gene Loss in Clade B of Haplosclerid Sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae).Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Internal m7G methylation: A novel epitranscriptomic contributor in brain development and diseases.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2023Review
- The metazoan landscape of mitochondrial DNA gene order and content is shaped by selection and affects mitochondrial transcription.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Determination of the Amino Acid Recruitment Order in Early Life by Genome-Wide Analysis of Amino Acid Usage Bias.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Cell type-specific analysis by single-cell profiling identifies a stable mammalian tRNA-mRNA interface and increased translation efficiency in neurons.Genome research · 2022Article
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- Improved annotation of protein-coding genes boundaries in metazoan mitochondrial genomes.Nucleic acids research · 2019Article
- Tracing the Evolution of the Plastome and Mitogenome in the Chloropicophyceae Uncovered Convergent tRNA Gene Losses and a Variant Plastid Genetic Code.Genome biology and evolution · 2019Article
- Mitogenomics Reveals a Novel Genetic Code in Hemichordata.Genome biology and evolution · 2019Article
- 7-Methylguanosine Modifications in Transfer RNA (tRNA).International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Untangling Heteroplasmy, Structure, and Evolution of an Atypical Mitochondrial Genome by PacBio Sequencing.Genetics · 2017Article
- Hydroxylation of a conserved tRNA modification establishes non-universal genetic code in echinoderm mitochondria.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2017Article
- How tRNAs dictate nuclear codon reassignments: Only a few can capture non-cognate codons.RNA biology · 2017Review
- NSUN3 and ABH1 modify the wobble position of mt-tRNAMet to expand codon recognition in mitochondrial translation.The EMBO journal · 2016Article
- An integrated, structure- and energy-based view of the genetic code.Nucleic acids research · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In animal mitochondria, six codons have been known as nonuniversal genetic codes, which vary in the course of animal evolution. They are UGA (termination codon in the universal genetic code changes to Trp codon in all animal mitochondria), AUA (Ile to Met in most metazoan mitochondria), AAA (Lys to Asn in echinoderm and some platyhelminth mitochondria), AGA/AGG (Arg to Ser in most invertebrate, Arg to Gly in tunicate, and Arg to termination in vertebrate mitochondria), and UAA (termination to Tyr in a planaria and a nematode mitochondria, but conclusive evidence is lacking in this case). We have elucidated that the anticodons of tRNAs deciphering these nonuniversal codons (tRNA(Trp) for UGA, tRNA(Met) for AUA, tRNA(Asn) for AAA, and tRNA(Ser) and tRNA(Gly) for AGA/AGG) are all modified; tRNA(Trp) has 5-carboxymethylaminomethyluridine or 5-taurinomethyluridine, tRNA(Met) has 5-formylcytidine or 5-taurinomethyluridine, tRNA(Ser) has 7-methylguanosine and tRNA(Gly) has 5-taurinomethyluridine in their anticodon wobble position, and tRNA(Asn) has pseudouridine in the anticodon second position. This review aims to clarify the structural relationship between these nonuniversal codons and the corresponding tRNA anticodons including modified nucleosides and to speculate on the possible mechanisms for explaining the evolutional changes of these nonuniversal codons in the course of animal evolution.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.