ArticleInfection and immunity2012
Antibacterial role for natural killer cells in host defense to Bacillus anthracis.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- A Dynamic Interplay of Innate Immune Responses During Urinary Tract Infection.Immune network · 2024Review
- Natural Killer Cells and Cytotoxic T Cells: Complementary Partners against Microorganisms and Cancer.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Streptococcus pneumoniae drives specific and lasting Natural Killer cell memory.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Host Immune Regulation in Implant-Associated Infection (IAI): What Does the Current Evidence Provide Us to Prevent or Treat IAI?Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Natural killer cells in sepsis: Friends or foes?Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Natural killer cells kill extracellular Pseudomonas aeruginosa using contact-dependent release of granzymes B and H.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Innate Lymphoid Cells and Natural Killer Cells in Bacterial Infections: Function, Dysregulation, and Therapeutic Targets.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Effect of high-fat diet on peripheral blood mononuclear cells and adipose tissue in early stages of diet-induced weight gain.The British journal of nutrition · 2019Article
- Natural killer cells as a therapeutic tool for infectious diseases - current status and future perspectives.Oncotarget · 2018Review
- Bacillus anthracis Spore Surface Protein BclA Mediates Complement Factor H Binding to Spores and Promotes Spore Persistence.PLoS pathogens · 2016Article
- Exposure to Bacillus anthracis capsule results in suppression of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells.Infection and immunity · 2014Article
- In vitro model of mycobacteria and HIV-1 co-infection for drug discovery.Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2013Article
- Characterization of Bacillus anthracis persistence in vivo.PloS one · 2013Article
- Review
- Cellular and physiological effects of anthrax exotoxin and its relevance to disease.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells have innate antibacterial activity that could be targeted for clinical interventions for infectious disease caused by naturally occurring or weaponized bacterial pathogens. To determine a potential role for NK cells in immunity to Bacillus anthracis, we utilized primary human and murine NK cells, in vitro assays, and in vivo NK cell depletion in a murine model of inhalational anthrax. Our results demonstrate potent antibacterial activity by human NK cells against B. anthracis bacilli within infected autologous monocytes. Surprisingly, NK cells also mediate moderate antibacterial effects on extracellular vegetative bacilli but do not have activity against extracellular or intracellular spores. The immunosuppressive anthrax lethal toxin impairs NK gamma interferon (IFN-γ) expression, but neither lethal nor edema toxin significantly alters the viability or cytotoxic effector function of NK cells. Compared to human NK cells, murine NK cells have a similar, though less potent, activity against intracellular and extracellular B. anthracis. The in vivo depletion of murine NK cells does not alter animal survival following intranasal infection with B. anthracis spores in our studies but significantly increases the bacterial load in the blood of infected animals. Our studies demonstrate that NK cells participate in the innate immune response against B. anthracis and suggest that immune modulation to augment NK cell function in early stages of anthrax should be further explored in animal models as a clinical intervention strategy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.