Trial reportHepatology (Baltimore, Md.)2012
Biochemical and immunologic effects of rituximab in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and an incomplete response to ursodeoxycholic acid.
Trial report in Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Rituximab for the treatment of patients with autoimmune hepatitis who are refractory or intolerant to standard therapy.Canadian journal of gastroenterology = Journal canadien de gastroenterologie · 2013Trial
- Breaking the metabolo-immune cycle in primary biliary cholangitis for therapeutic benefit.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Management of refractory autoimmune hepatitis with rituximab: a case series.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Article
- The Treatment of Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Time for Personalized Medicine.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Clinical management of autoimmune liver diseases: juncture, opportunities, and challenges ahead.Immunologic research · 2025Review
- Pruritus in Chronic Cholestatic Liver Diseases, Especially in Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A Closer Look into Autoimmune Liver Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Soluble Herpes Virus Entry Mediator and Type II/III Interferons Are Upregulated in Primary Biliary Cholangitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Common pathological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies in primary Sjogren's syndrome and primary biliary cholangitis: from tissue immune microenvironment to targeted therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Mitochondria at the Crossroads of Cholestatic Liver Injury: Targeting Novel Therapeutic Avenues.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2024Review
- Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Phenotype Changes after Cultivation and Autologous Infusion in Patients with Primary Biliary Cholangitis.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2024Article
- Current Therapies for Cholestatic Diseases.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Primary Biliary Cholangitis: Promising Emerging Innovative Therapies and Their Impact on GLOBE Scores.Hepatic medicine : evidence and research · 2023Review
- Mechanism-based target therapy in primary biliary cholangitis: opportunities before liver cirrhosis?Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Advancing Biologic Therapy for Refractory Autoimmune Hepatitis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2022Review
- Update on the Pharmacological Treatment of Primary Biliary Cholangitis.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Regulate Hepatic Immunity and Assist in the Treatment of Primary Biliary Cholangitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- [The immune-modulation therapy of autoimmune liver diseases].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2021Article
- Review
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
unlabelledThe aim of this study was to determine the safety and potential efficacy of B-cell depletion with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and an incomplete response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). This open-label study enrolled six patients with PBC and incomplete responses to UDCA to be treated with 2 doses of 1000 mg rituximab separated by 2 weeks and followed for 52 weeks. The primary endpoints were safety and changes in B-cell function. Two patients received only 1 dose of rituximab, one due to activation of latent varicella and the other due to a viral upper respiratory infection. Serum levels of total IgG, IgM, and IgA as well as anti-mitochondrial autoantibodies (AMAs) IgA and IgM decreased significantly from baseline by 16 weeks and returned to baseline levels by 36 weeks. Stimulation of B cells with CpG produced significantly less IgM at 52 weeks after treatment compared with B cells at baseline. In addition, transient decreases in memory B-cell and T-cell frequencies and an increase in CD25(high) CD4(+) T cells were observed after treatment. These changes were associated with significant increases in mRNA levels of FoxP3 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and a decrease in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in CD4(+) T cells. Notably, serum alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly reduced up to 36 weeks following rituximab treatment.
conclusionThese data suggest that depletion of B cells influences the induction, maintenance, and activation of both B and T cells and provides a potential mechanism for treatment of patients with PBC with an incomplete response to UDCA.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.