Trial reportEuropean journal of clinical pharmacology2012
Influence of sex on propofol metabolism, a pilot study: implications for propofol anesthesia.
Trial report in European journal of clinical pharmacology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Young, Healthy, Underweight Women Require Higher Effective Doses of Propofol for Successful Gastroscope Insertion: a Dose-Finding Study Using Dixon's Up-and-Down Method.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- Longrange PCR-based next-generation sequencing in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics study of propofol among patients under general anaesthesia.Scientific reports · 2017Trial
- Early reactivation of medial temporal lobe neurons during emergence from propofol anesthesia in neurosurgical patients.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Cholinesterase deficiency and anesthesia management: Clinical challenges and coping strategies.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Review
- Association BetweenPharmacogenomics and personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Total Intravenous Anesthesia with Propofol Effectively Provides a Light Anesthesia Plane in Cynomolgus Male Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) Undergoing Nociceptive Heat Stimulation.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2026Article
- Genetic Variation and Sex-Based Differences: Current Considerations for Anesthetic Management.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Oestrous cycle affects emergence from anaesthesia with dexmedetomidine, but not propofol, isoflurane, or sevoflurane, in female rats.British journal of anaesthesia · 2023Article
- Mechanisms and implications in gene polymorphism mediated diverse reponses to sedatives, analgesics and muscle relaxants.Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2023Article
- Effect of common OPRM1, COMT, SLC6A4, ABCB1, and CYP2B6 polymorphisms on perioperative analgesic and propofol demands on patients subjected to thyroidectomy surgery.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2023Article
- Comparative analysis of the effect of electromyogram to bispectral index and 95% spectral edge frequency under remimazolam and propofol anesthesia: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Cross-sectional study of propofol dose during intravenous sedation for dental surgery in patients with long-term oral benzodiazepine therapy: A secondary publication.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2022Article
- Estrogen Receptor-A in Medial Preoptic Area Contributes to Sex Difference of Mice in Response to Sevoflurane Anesthesia.Neuroscience bulletin · 2022Article
- Article
- Clinical Importance of Potential Genetic Determinants Affecting Propofol Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Anesthesia for Patients Who Self-Report Cannabis (Marijuana) Use Before Esophagogastroduodenoscopy: A Retrospective Review.AANA journal · 2021Article
- The Effect ofPharmacogenomics and personalized medicine · 2020Article
- Effect of sex and polymorphisms of CYP2B6 and UGT1A9 on the difference between the target-controlled infusion predicted and measured plasma propofol concentration.JA clinical reports · 2018Article
- Impact of clinical factors and UGT1A9 and CYP2B6 genotype on inter-individual differences in propofol pharmacokinetics.Journal of anesthesia · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe basis of high intersubject variability of propofol metabolism is unclear. Therefore, we examined the influence of genetic polymorphisms of the key metabolizing enzymes cytochrome P450 2B6 (CYP2B6) and uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9 (UGT1A9), age, and sex on propofol biotransformation in vitro and in vivo.
methodsPlasma concentrations of propofol, 4-hydroxypropofol, and their glucuronides were measured over 20 min in 105 patients after a single intravenous bolus of propofol. Propofol 4-hydroxylation activity, genotypes, and content of CYP2B6 protein in 68 human livers were determined. The common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the CYP2B6 and UGT1A9 genes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
resultsPlasma levels of propofol metabolites showed high interindividual variability (range of coefficient of variation 89-128%). This was supported by in vitro data showing similar variability of propofol 4-hydroxylation in liver microsomes and 1.9-fold higher CYP2B6 protein content in the livers from women. No significant relationships were revealed between the SNPs studied and propofol metabolism. However, patients' sex had a pronounced effect on propofol metabolism. Thus, women had higher amounts of propofol glucuronide (1.25-fold; p = 0.03), 4-hydroxypropofol-1-glucuronide (2.1-fold; p = 0.0009), and 4-hydroxypropofol-4-glucuronide (1.7-fold; p = 0.02) as shown by the weight-corrected area under the time-plasma concentration curve of metabolites. Additionally, the sexual dimorphism in 4-hydroxypropofol glucuronidation was prominent in the 35- to 64-year-old subgroup.
conclusionsNo significant effects of CYP2B6 and UGT1A9 SNPs or age on propofol metabolism were revealed in this pilot study, but there was a pronounced effect of sex, a finding that indicates an important factor for the previously described sex difference in systemic clearance of propofol seen.
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