ReviewNature reviews. Genetics2011
Molecular spandrels: tests of adaptation at the genetic level.
Review in Nature reviews. Genetics, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 193 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
193 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genomic signatures of adaptation across a landscape of crickets following the introduction of a parasitoid fly.Science advances · 2026Article
- Parallel adaptation to geothermally-warmed habitats due to common structural variation and functional developmental pathways.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Assessing the Evolutionary Potential of Endangered Populations Using Genomic Analyses of Selection in Ecologically Important Gene Regions.Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- Leveraging Genetic Diversity for Abiotic Stress Tolerance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Insights into human adaptation from ancient DNA.Nature genetics · 2026Review
- Omics Technologies in Molecular Biology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Urbanisation Drives Microevolution in the Egyptian Fruit Bat (Evolutionary applications · 2026Article
- Unraveling IGK locus in dog breeds: IMGTNAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Immunometabolic resistors of aging in long-lived golden spiny mice.Science advances · 2026Article
- A catalogue of early diverged contemporary human genome variation reveals distinct Khoe-San populations.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Chimeric reference panels for genomic imputation.Genetics · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms underlying early functional divergence in snake venom inferred from the genomes of two pitviper lineages.BMC biology · 2025Article
- Alternative Splicing and Gene Expression Variation Underlie Population and Life History Differences in an Amphibian.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Recent advances in breeding systems and their improvement in forage crops.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Large effect life-history genomic regions are associated with functional morphological traits in Atlantic salmon.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Article
- The interplay between epigenomic and transcriptomic variation during ecotype divergence in stickleback.BMC biology · 2025Article
- Decoding Local Adaptation in the Exploited Native Marine MusselInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Fixation of Expression Divergences by Natural Selection inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Identifying genetic determinants of forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (Moench)] adaptation through GWAS.BMC plant biology · 2024Article
- Fundamental Patterns of Structural Evolution Revealed by Chromosome-Length Genomes of Cactophilic Drosophila.Genome biology and evolution · 2024Article
133 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although much progress has been made in identifying the genes (and, in rare cases, mutations) that contribute to phenotypic variation, less is known about the effects that these genes have on fitness. Nonetheless, genes are commonly labelled as 'adaptive' if an allele has been shown to affect a phenotype with known or suspected functional importance or if patterns of nucleotide variation at the locus are consistent with positive selection. In these cases, the 'adaptive' designation may be premature and may lead to incorrect conclusions about the relationships between gene function and fitness. Experiments to test targets and agents of natural selection within a genomic context are necessary for identifying the adaptive consequences of individual alleles.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.