ArticleNeuroepidemiology2011
The metabolic syndrome and cognitive performance: the Northern Manhattan Study.
Article in Neuroepidemiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is there an association between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cognitive function? A systematic review.BMC geriatrics · 2022Pooled it
- Cyclooxygenase-derived vasoconstriction restrains hypoxia-mediated cerebral vasodilation in young adults with metabolic syndrome.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2014Trial
- Diet, lifestyle, metabolic markers, and socioeconomic status are associated with cognitive function in school-aged children from a population-based cohort.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Saroglitazar at the Crossroads of Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Disease: A Critical Review of the Hepato-Neuro Axis and Translational Horizons.Neurochemical research · 2025Review
- Health insurance coverage moderates the relationship between metabolic syndrome and baseline memory outcomes in Latino older adults.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2025Article
- From Liver to Brain: How MAFLD/MASLD Impacts Cognitive Function.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2024Review
- Metabolic syndrome and cognitive deficits in the Greek cohort of Epirus Health Study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023Article
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI).Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2022Review
- Components of metabolic syndrome associated with lower neurocognitive performance in youth with perinatally acquired HIV and youth who are HIV-exposed uninfected.Journal of neurovirology · 2021Observational
- Contribution of Components of Metabolic Syndrome to Cognitive Performance in Middle-Aged Adults.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2021Article
- The Neuropsychological Norms for the U.S.-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) Project: Overview and considerations for life span research and evidence-based practice.The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2021Article
- Association between Cognitive Function and Clustered Cardiovascular Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Older Adults at Risk of Cognitive Decline.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2020Article
- Global Vascular Risk Score and CAIDE Dementia Risk Score Predict Cognitive Function in the Northern Manhattan Study.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2020Article
- Metabolic risk affects fluid intelligence changes in healthy adults.Psychology and aging · 2019Article
- Relation of Diabetes to Cognitive Function in Hispanics/Latinos of Diverse Backgrounds in the United States.Journal of aging and health · 2019Article
- Implication of mixed sleep apnea events in adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2019Article
- Effects of Metabolic Syndrome on Cognitive Performance of Adults During Exercise.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Article
- Degeneration of Dopaminergic Neurons Due to Metabolic Alterations and Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2016Review
- Impact of Nutrition on Cerebral Circulation and Cognition in the Metabolic Syndrome.Nutrients · 2015Review
- Brain health and shared risk factors for dementia and stroke.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for diabetes, stroke, myocardial infarction, and increased mortality, and has been associated with cognition in some populations. We hypothesized that MetS would be associated with lower Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores in a multi-ethnic population, and that MetS is a better predictor of cognition than its individual components or diabetes.
methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis among 3,150 stroke-free participants. MetS was defined by the modified National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII) criteria. Linear regression and polytomous logistic regression estimated the association between MMSE score and MetS, its individual components, diabetes, and inflammatory biomarkers.
resultsMetS was inversely associated with MMSE score (unadjusted β = -0.67; 95% CI -0.92, -0.41). Adjusting for potential confounders, MetS was associated with lower MMSE score (adjusted β = -0.24; 95% CI -0.47, -0.01), but its individual components and diabetes were not. Those with MetS were more likely to have an MMSE score of <18 than a score of ≥ 24 (adjusted OR = 1.94; 95% CI 1.26, 3.01). There was an interaction between MetS and race-ethnicity, such that MetS was associated with lower MMSE score among non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics but not non-Hispanic blacks.
conclusionsMetS was associated with lower cognition in a multi-ethnic population. Further studies of the effect of MetS on cognition are warranted, and should account for demographic differences.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.