ReviewACS chemical biology2012
The curious chemical biology of cytosine: deamination, methylation, and oxidation as modulators of genomic potential.
Review in ACS chemical biology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mapping Protein Occupancy on DNA with an Unnatural Cytosine Modification.ACS chemical biology · 2026Article
- Elevated rates and biased spectra of mutations in anaerobically cultured lactic acid bacteria.mBio · 2025Article
- Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Oxidative DNA Damage and Repair.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- DNA Methylation, Aging, and Cancer.Epigenomes · 2025Review
- Functional roles and cancer variants of the bifunctional glycosylase NEIL2.Environmental and molecular mutagenesis · 2024Review
- High UV damage and low repair, but not cytosine deamination, stimulate mutation hotspots at ETS binding sites in melanoma.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Engineered deaminases as a key component of DNA and RNA editing tools.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2023Review
- Article
- Revealing Drivers for Carboxy-ACS chemical biology · 2023Article
- Epigenetic Modification of Cytosines in Hematopoietic Differentiation and Malignant Transformation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Is DNA methylation in the brain a mechanism of alcohol use disorder?Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Review
- The Shift in Synonymous Codon Usage Reveals Similar Genomic Variation during Domestication of Asian and African Rice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Complex genomic patterns of abasic sites in mammalian DNA revealed by a high-resolution SSiNGLe-AP method.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Review
- DNA binding by polycomb-group proteins: searching for the link to CpG islands.Nucleic acids research · 2022Review
- CRISPR-based genome editing through the lens of DNA repair.Molecular cell · 2022Review
- XRCC1 Prevents Replication Fork Instability during Misincorporation of the DNA Demethylation Bases 5-Hydroxymethyl-2'-Deoxycytidine and 5-Hydroxymethyl-2'-Deoxyuridine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Alteration of synonymous codon usage bias accompanies polyploidization in wheat.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Hotspots of single-strand DNA "breakome" are enriched at transcriptional start sites of genes.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Article
- Glutathione and copper ions as critical factors of green plant regeneration efficiency of triticaleFrontiers in plant science · 2022Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
A multitude of functions have evolved around cytosine within DNA, endowing the base with physiological significance beyond simple information storage. This versatility arises from enzymes that chemically modify cytosine to expand the potential of the genome. Some modifications alter coding sequences, such as deamination of cytosine by AID/APOBEC enzymes to generate immunologic or virologic diversity. Other modifications are critical to epigenetic control, altering gene expression or cellular identity. Of these, cytosine methylation is well understood, in contrast to recently discovered modifications, such as oxidation by TET enzymes to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. Further complexity results from cytosine demethylation, an enigmatic process that impacts cellular pluripotency. Recent insights help us to propose an integrated DNA demethylation model, accounting for contributions from cytosine oxidation, deamination, and base excision repair. Taken together, this rich medley of alterations renders cytosine a genomic "wild card", whose context-dependent functions make the base far more than a static letter in the code of life.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.